行動

See also: 行动

Chinese

		to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (行動)		行	動
simp. (行动)		行	动

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngdòng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴ dung⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung
Eastern Min (BUC): hèng-dông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hêng-tōng / hêng-tǒng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gian⁵ dong⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-tung⁴
  - Yale: syíng-dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
  - Palladius: синдун (sindun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang⁴ dung⁶
  - Yale: hàhng duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴ dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴ dung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ tung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
  - Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ tung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng-dông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t-)nouŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tōng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-tōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hengdong
  - IPA (Singapore): /heŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-tǒng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-tǒng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/

Note: literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gian⁵ dong⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâⁿ tŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ toŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: haeng duwngX

Rime
Character	行	動
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	戸庚切	徒揔切
Baxter	haeng	duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/	/duŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/	/duŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/	/duŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/	/dəwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/	/duŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/	/duŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/	/dʱuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang⁴	dung⁶

Verb

行動

to act; to take action

Synonyms

主動／主动 (zhǔdòng)

Noun

行動

action; act (Classifier: 個／个 m)
採取行動／采取行动 ― cǎiqǔ xíngdòng ― to take action
movement (Classifier: 個／个 m)
operation; campaign (Classifier: 個／个 m)

Synonyms

(action): 行徑／行径 (xíngjìng), 行為／行为 (xíngwéi)
(campaign): 運動／运动 (yùndòng)

Adjective

行動

mobile; portable

Synonyms

(attributive) 機動／机动 (jīdòng)
移動／移动 (yídòng)

Derived terms

行動碟／行动碟 (xíngdòngdié)
行動載具／行动载具 (xíngdòng zàijù)
行動電話／行动电话 (xíngdòng diànhuà)

Adverb

行動

(obsolete, usually of something undesirable) often; frequently; happening easily
- 你只怨人行動嗔怪了你，你再不知道你自己慪人難受。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  你只怨人行动嗔怪了你，你再不知道你自己怄人难受。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE
  Nǐ zhǐ yuàn rén xíngdòng chēnguài le nǐ, nǐ zài bù zhīdào nǐ zìjǐ òu rén nánshòu. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

動不動／动不动 (dòngbùdòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (行動):

→ Japanese: 行動(こうどう) (kōdō)
→ Korean: 행동(行動) (haengdong)
→ Vietnamese: hành động (行動)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngdòng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴ dung⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-thûng / hàng-thung
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiâⁿ-tāng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngdòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngdòng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-tung⁴
  - Yale: syíng-dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngdonq
  - Palladius: синдун (sindun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang⁴ dung⁶
  - Yale: hàhng duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴ dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴ dung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ tung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-thung
  - Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ tung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hang² tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâⁿ-tāng
  - Tâi-lô: kiânn-tāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'dang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã²³⁻³³ taŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ³³/

Note: vernacular.

Verb

行動

to move about; to get about; to be mobile
行動不便／行动不便 ― xíngdòng bùbiàn ― to have difficulty getting about

拐杖的作用是幫助行動不便的人。 [MSC, trad.]
拐杖的作用是帮助行动不便的人。 [MSC, simp.]
Guǎizhàng de zuòyòng shì bāngzhù xíngdòng bùbiàn de rén. [Pinyin]
The purpose of a walking stick is to assist those those with mobility issues.

Synonyms

串 (literary, or in compounds)
履行 (lǚxíng) (literary)
徒步 (túbù)
步 (bù) (literary, or in compounds)
步履 (bùlǚ) (literary)
步行 (bùxíng)
步趨／步趋 (bùqū)
步輦／步辇 (Hokkien)
行步 (xíngbù) (literary)
行走 (xíngzǒu)
走動／走动 (zǒudòng)
走路 (zǒulù)
走道 (zǒudào)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
行	動
こう Grade: 2	どう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

行(こう)動(どう) • (kōdō)

action; behavior

Verb

行(こう)動(どう)する • (kōdō suru) suru (stem 行(こう)動(どう)し (kōdō shi), past 行(こう)動(どう)した (kōdō shita))

to act

Conjugation

Conjugation of "行動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	行動し	こうどうし	kōdō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	行動し	こうどうし	kōdō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	行動する	こうどうする	kōdō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	行動する	こうどうする	kōdō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	行動すれ	こうどうすれ	kōdō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	行動せよ¹ 行動しろ²	こうどうせよ¹ こうどうしろ²	kōdō seyo¹ kōdō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	行動される	こうどうされる	kōdō sareru
Causative	行動させる行動さす	こうどうさせるこうどうさす	kōdō saseru kōdō sasu
Potential	行動できる	こうどうできる	kōdō dekiru
Volitional	行動しよう	こうどうしよう	kōdō shiyō
Negative	行動しない	こうどうしない	kōdō shinai
Negative continuative	行動せず	こうどうせず	kōdō sezu
Formal	行動します	こうどうします	kōdō shimasu
Perfective	行動した	こうどうした	kōdō shita
Conjunctive	行動して	こうどうして	kōdō shite
Hypothetical conditional	行動すれば	こうどうすれば	kōdō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
行	動

Noun

行動 • (haengdong) (hangeul 행동)

Hanja form^? of 행동 (“action”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
行	動

Noun

行動

chữ Hán form of hành động (“action”).

Verb

行動

chữ Hán form of hành động (“to act”).

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