湍

湍 U+6E4D, 湍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E4D
← 湌
[U+6E4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 湎 →
[U+6E4E]

Translingual

Han character

湍 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水山一月 (EUMB), four-corner 32127, composition ⿰氵耑)

  1. rapid water current, rapids

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 636, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17825
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1677, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6E4D

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 湍
alternative forms 漙／𬇘

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 湍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揣 *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ
褍 *toːlʔ, *toːn
惴 *tjols
圌 *djol, *djon
篅 *djol, *djon
瑞 *djols
端 *toːn
剬 *toːn, *tjonʔ
偳 *toːn, *tʰoːn
鍴 *toːn
耑 *toːn
踹 *toːns, *djonʔ
湍 *tʰoːn, *tjon
煓 *tʰoːn
貒 *tʰoːn, *tʰoːns
諯 *stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon
顓 *tjon
喘 *tʰjonʔ
遄 *djon
輲 *djon
椯 *djon
歂 *djon, *djonʔ
腨 *djonʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰoːn, *tjon) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 湍 湍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 他端切 職緣切
Baxter thwan tsywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuɑn/ /t͡ɕiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰʷɑn/ /t͡ɕʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰuɑn/ /t͡ɕjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰwan/ /cwian/
Li
Rong		 /tʰuɑn/ /t͡ɕiuɛn/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuɑn/ /t͡ɕĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuɑn/ /t͡ɕi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tuān zhuān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tyun1 zyun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 湍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tuān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰˁor/
English rushing water

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湍 湍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2507 2515
Phonetic
component		 耑 耑
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 湍 專
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰoːn/ /*tjon/

Definitions

湍

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
  • 急湍 (jítuān)
  • 涌湍 (yǒngtuān)
  • 湍急 (tuānjí)
  • 湍水
  • 湍流 (tuānliú)
  • 湍瀨／湍濑
  • 飛湍／飞湍
  • 驚湍／惊湍

References

Japanese

Kanji
湍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Go-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kun: はやい (hayai, 湍い); はやせ (hayase)

Korean

Hanja

湍 (eum 단 (dan))

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Vietnamese

Han character

湍: Hán Nôm readings: suyền, đoan, thoan, thoăn, thuân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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