See also:
U+68EE, 森
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68EE

[U+68ED]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+68EF]

Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木木 (DDD), four-corner 40994, composition )

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14974
  • Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1226, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+68EE

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : Triplication of (“tree”), to suggest a large number (compare ) of trees such as one would find in a forest. Compare (*ɡ·rɯm).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ram (jungle; forest; country; field) (STEDT). Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be an intensive derivation of (*ɡ·rɯm, forest), perhaps influenced by parallels in Austroasiatic, such as Old Khmer sarāma, sarāṃ (a tract of stunted vegetation), derived from rām (inundated forest along a watercourse). Alternatively, Mei (2012) suggests that the prefix *s- has a denominative function.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • siam1 - Shantou, Chaozhou;
  • sim1 - Jieyang;
  • siang1 - Chenghai.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai, Suzhou)
        • Wugniu: 1sen
        • MiniDict: sen
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1sen
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
        • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁴⁴/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: sen1
        • Sinological IPA (key): /sən³³/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /sən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
/sən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sən²¹/
Jinan /ʂẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂə̃²¹²³/
Zhengzhou /ʂən²⁴/
Xi'an /sẽ²¹/
Xining /sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /sə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sən³¹/
Hefei /sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sən³³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sem⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sem²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /sɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siam³³/
/sim³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sim²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (21)
Final () (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter srim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂjim/
Li
Rong
/ʃjəm/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sēn
Middle
Chinese
‹ srim ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.rəm/
English dense trees

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11003
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*srɯm/

Definitions

  1. full of trees; densely forested
  2. in profusion; multitudinous; dense
  3. dark; gloomy; cold
       yīnsēn   gloomy
  4. orderly
  5. strict; rigid; rigorous
       sēnyán   strict; tight
  6. An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname , Mori
  7. ():
    1. Mori (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)
    2. Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)
  8. (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 森美蘭森美兰 (Sēnměilán, “Negeri Sembilan”).

Compounds

References

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forest, woods
  2. objects lined up
  3. silent

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
もり
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]

Probably cognate with 盛り (mori, heap, pile), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 盛る (moru, to heap up, to build up into a significant amount), from the way a forest can look like a heap or mound from a distance.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(もり) • (mori) 

  1. a forest (dense collection of trees)
    Synonym: 森林 (shinrin)
    • 1999 July 22, “トレント [Trent]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      まだまだ(せい)(ちょう)(つづ)けている(もり)(たい)(ぼく)(もり)(まも)(かみ)
      Madamada seichōshitsuzuketeiru mori no taiboku. Mori no mamori kami.
      A growing forest tree. He is the guardian god of the woods.
  2. a shrine grove

Derived terms

Proverbs

See also

Proper noun

(もり) • (Mori) 

  1. a surname
  2. :
    1. Mori (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)
    2. Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)

References

  1. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 1850:
    , text here
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (sup sam))

  1. forest

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: sâm, sum
: Nôm readings: chùm, dâm, dúm, râm, sâm, sum, xum

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.