森林

Chinese
of trees, many woods; forest
trad. (森林) 森 林
simp. #(森林) 森 林
anagram 林森

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sim1 lim5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang;
  • siam1 lim5 - Shantou;
  • siem1 lim5 - Chaozhou;
  • siom1 nim5 - Chenghai;
  • som1 lim5 - Raoping.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai)
        • Wugniu: 1sen-lin
        • MiniDict: sen平 lin
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1sen-lin
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ lin²¹/
      • (Suzhou)
        • Wugniu: 1sen-lin2
        • MiniDict: sen平 lin平
        • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁴⁴ lin/
Rime
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 所今切 力尋切
Baxter srim lim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠiɪm/ /liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚim/ /lim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiem/ /ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂjim/ /lim/
Li
Rong		 /ʃjəm/ /liəm/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭĕm/ /lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯əm/ /li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēn lín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sam1 lam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sēn lín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srim › ‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.rəm/ /*[r]əm/
English dense trees forest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11003 8165
Phonetic
component		 森 林
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 森 林
Old
Chinese		 /*srɯm/ /*ɡ·rɯm/

Noun

森林

  1. (countable) forest; trees (Classifier: 片 m)
    森林砍伐率  ―  sēnlín kǎnfá lǜ  ―  rate of deforestation
    注重保護森林／注重保护森林  ―  zhùzhòng bǎohù sēnlín  ―  to attach importance to forest conservation
    請愛護森林。／请爱护森林。  ―  Qǐng àihù sēnlín.  ―  Please protect our trees.
  2. (graph theory) forest (graph with no cycles)

Synonyms
  • (forest; trees):

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (森林):
  • → Japanese: 森林(しんりん) (shinrin)
  • → Korean: 삼림(森林) (samnim)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
森 林
しん
Grade: 1		 りん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しんりん [shìńríń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕĩnɾʲĩɴ]

Noun

森(しん)林(りん) • (shinrin) 

  1. forest, timber

Derived terms

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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