尚書

Chinese
 
still; yet; to value
still; yet; to value; to esteem
 book; letter
trad. (尚書) 尚 書
simp. (尚书) 尚 书

Etymology

Originally, the person in this position was a lowly clerk, responsible for drafting and editing imperial decrees on behalf of the emperor. Later on, the person in this position became more like a chief of staff who handled all aspects of governance on behalf of the emperor.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 尚 尚 書
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 陽 (105) 陽 (105) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 市羊切 時亮切 傷魚切
Baxter dzyang dzyangH syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋ/ /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/ /ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋ/ /d͡ʑiɐŋH/ /ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋ/ /d͡ʑiɑŋH/ /ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋ/ /d͡ʑɨaŋH/ /ɕɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋ/ /ʑiaŋH/ /ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋ/ /ʑĭaŋH/ /ɕĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋ/ /ʑi̯aŋH/ /ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cháng shàng shū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 soeng4 soeng6 syu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 尚 尚 書
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng shàng shū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangH › ‹ dzyangH › ‹ syo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]aŋ-s/ /*[d]aŋ-s/ /*s-ta/
English upwards still, yet write

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 尚 尚 書
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
No. 11156 11161 17013
Phonetic
component		 尚 尚 者
Rime
group		 陽 陽 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 常 尚 書
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋ/ /*djaŋs/ /*hlja/
Notes 說文從向聲，金文不似，疑堂或常初文

Noun

尚書

  1. (archaic, position title) secretary; chief of staff

Derived terms

Proper noun

尚書

  1. Classic of History (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (尚書):
  • → Japanese: 尚(しょう)書(しょ) (Shōsho)
  • → Korean: 상서(尙書) (Sangseo)
  • → Vietnamese: thượng thư (尚書)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
尚 書
しょう
Grade: S		 しょ
Grade: 2
kan’on
Alternative spelling
尙書 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Middle Chinese 尚書

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しょーしょ [shòóshó] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ɕo̞ːɕo̞]

Proper noun

尚(しょう)書(しょ) • (Shōsho) 

  1. Synonym of 書経 (Shokyō)

See also

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
尚書

Proper noun

尚書

  1. chữ Hán form of thượng thư.
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