厲

See also: 厉

厲	U+53B2, 厲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53B2

← 厱
[U+53B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

厳 →
[U+53B3]

Translingual

Han character

厲 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一廿田月 (MTWB), four-corner 7122₇, composition ⿸厂萬)

Derived characters

𡂖, 巁, 𢤆, 濿(𪵱), 𤢵, 𬩤, 曞, 櫔, 爄(𤇃), 犡, 𤪲, 禲, 矋, 礪(砺), 𥣭, 𧞵, 糲(粝), 𦆨, 蠣(蛎), 𧭡, 𧸱, 𨇆, 𨯅, 𮩖, 𩧃, 鱱, 𪙺
勵(励), 𨞺, 𧢝, 𧖄

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 163, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3041
Dae Jaweon: page 371, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 77, character 17
Unihan data for U+53B2

Chinese

trad.		厲
simp.		厉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厲
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
糲	m·raːds, m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	m·raːds, m·rads
噧	hmreːds, r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	m·rads, mlans
萬	*mlans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
Jin (Wiktionary): li³
Eastern Min (BUC): lâ̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁶
  - Yale: laih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
  - Hakka Romanization System: li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: li³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī / lē
  - Tâi-lô: lī / lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li, le
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li²²/, /le²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/, /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/, /le²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /li³³/, /le³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³/, /le³³/

Note:

lī - vernacular;
lē - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liaj^H/
Li Rong	/liɛi^H/
Wang Li	/lĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厲	厲	厲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljej^H ›	‹ ljej^H ›	‹ ljej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/
English	cruel	grindstone	epidemic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厲
Reading #	1/1
No.	12621
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

Definitions

厲

fierce; stern
severe; strict
嚴厲／严厉 ― yánlì ― strict; stern; sever
ferocious
(Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”).
(literary) to encourage; to urge
(literary) to raise; to exert
^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”)
a surname

Compounds

再接再厲／再接再厉 (zàijiēzàilì)
凌厲 (línglì)
凌厲攻勢／凌厉攻势
厲世摩鈍／厉世摩钝
厲兵／厉兵
厲兵秣馬／厉兵秣马
厲兵粟馬／厉兵粟马
厲厲／厉厉 (lìlì)
厲吼／厉吼
厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
厲山／厉山 (Lìshān)
厲民／厉民
厲疾／厉疾
厲神／厉神
厲禁／厉禁 (lìjìn)
厲節／厉节
厲精／厉精
厲精圖治／厉精图治
厲精更始／厉精更始
厲精求治／厉精求治
厲聲／厉声 (lìshēng)
厲色／厉色 (lìsè)
厲行／厉行 (lìxíng)
厲行節約／厉行节约 (lìxíngjiéyuē)
厲階／厉阶
厲風／厉风 (lìfēng)
厲鬼／厉鬼 (lìguǐ)
周厲王／周厉王
哀厲／哀厉
嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
嚴詞厲色／严词厉色
夕惕若厲／夕惕若厉
外厲內荏／外厉内荏
大厲／大厉
夭厲／夭厉 (yāolì)
奮發蹈厲／奋发蹈厉
妖厲／妖厉
峭厲／峭厉
峻厲／峻厉
崇化厲俗／崇化厉俗
帶厲山河／带厉山河
帶河厲山／带河厉山
幽厲／幽厉
惕厲／惕厉
慘厲／惨厉 (cǎnlì)
揚厲／扬厉
摩厲以須／摩厉以须
敕厲／敕厉
敦世厲俗／敦世厉俗
敦風厲俗／敦风厉俗
敷張揚厲／敷张扬厉
勗厲／勖厉
暴厲／暴厉 (bàolì)
暴厲之氣／暴厉之气
暴厲恣睢／暴厉恣睢
橫厲／横厉
檢厲／检厉
正言厲色／正言厉色
正言厲顏／正言厉颜
正顏厲色／正颜厉色
氛厲／氛厉
泰山若厲／泰山若厉
淒厲／凄厉 (qīlì)
淬厲／淬厉
清厲／清厉
深厲淺揭／深厉浅揭
激厲／激厉 (jīlì)
激貪厲俗／激贪厉俗
玄厲／玄厉
疥厲／疥厉
疾言厲色／疾言厉色 (jíyánlìsè)
發揚踔厲／发扬踔厉
發揚蹈厲／发扬蹈厉
皎厲／皎厉
盛食厲兵／盛食厉兵
矯厲／矫厉
磨厲以須／磨厉以须
礱厲／砻厉
秣馬厲兵／秣马厉兵
粗聲厲語／粗声厉语
繕甲厲兵／缮甲厉兵
聲色俱厲／声色俱厉
色厲／色厉
色厲內荏／色厉内荏 (sèlìnèirěn)
藻厲／藻厉
訾厲／訾厉
詬厲／诟厉
變本加厲／变本加厉 (biànběnjiālì)
踔厲風發／踔厉风发
蹈厲之志／蹈厉之志
蹈厲奮發／蹈厉奋发
辭色俱厲／辞色俱厉
選士厲兵／选士厉兵
鋪張揚厲／铺张扬厉
雷厲／雷厉
雷厲風行／雷厉风行 (léilìfēngxíng)
雷厲風飛／雷厉风飞
風厲／风厉
飭厲／饬厉

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lài, lì (lai⁴, li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ, ㄌㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lài
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lài
  - Wade–Giles: lai⁴
  - Yale: lài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
  - Palladius: лай (laj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

Definitions

厲

Same as 癩／癞 (lài).

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	厉
Kyūjitai	厲

Kanji

厲

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厉)

whetstone
Synonym: 礪
grind
sharpen
make an effort to
Synonym: 励
leprosy
Synonym: 癩

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}
Kan-on: らい (rai)^{←らい (rai, historical)}; れい (rei)^{←れい (rei, historical)}
On: れち (rechi); れつ (retsu)
Kun: きつい (kitsui); こする (kosuru); と (to, 厲); といし (toishi, 厲); とぐ (togu, 厲ぐ); はげしい (hageshī, 厲しい); はげます (hagemasu, 厲ます); はげむ (hagemu, 厲む)

Compounds

厲(らい)疾(しつ) (raishitsu) (癩(らい)疾(しつ))
厲(らい)人(じん) (raijin) (癩(らい)人(じん))
厲(れい)疫(えき) (reieki)
厲(れい)王(おう) (reiō)
厲(れい)階(かい) (reikai)
厲(れい)鬼(き) (reiki)
厲(れい)気(き) (reiki)
厲(れい)行(こう) (reikō) (励(れい)行(こう), 礪(れい)行(こう))
厲(れい)志(し) (reishi) (励(れい)志(し))
厲(れい)疾(しつ) (reishitsu)
厲(れい)色(しょく) (reishoku)
厲(れい)声(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)声(せい))
厲(れい)精(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)精(せい))
厲(れい)石(せき) (reiseki)
厲(れい)節(せつ) (reisetsu) (励(れい)節(せつ))
厲(れい)風(ふう) (reifū)
厲(れい)民(みん) (reimin)
横(おう)厲(れい) (ōrei)
矜(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei)
矯(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei) (矯(きょう)励(れい))
虚(きょ)厲(れい) (kyorei)
激(げき)厲(れい) (gekirei) (激(げき)励(れい))
厳(げん)厲(れい) (genrei)
詬(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
高(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
刻(こく)厲(れい) (kokurei) (刻(こく)励(れい))
淬(さい)厲(れい) (sairei) (淬(さい)励(れい))
鑽(さん)厲(れい) (sanrei) (鑽(さん)礪(れい))
色(しき)厲(れい) (shikirei)
奨(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (奨(しょう)励(れい))
峭(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei)
瘴(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (瘴(しょう)癘(れい))
砥(し)厲(れい), 厎(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (砥(し)礪(れい))
疵(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (疵(し)癘(れい))
精(せい)厲(れい) (seirei)
藻(そう)厲(れい) (sōrei)
率(そつ)厲(れい) (sotsurei) (率(そつ)励(れい))
粗(そ)厲(れい) (sorei)
飭(ちょく)厲(れい) (chokurei) (勅(ちょく)励(れい), 飭(ちょく)励(れい))
督(とく)厲(れい) (tokurei) (督(とく)励(れい))
風(ふう)厲(れい) (fūrei)
忿(ふん)厲(れい) (funrei)
勉(べん)厲(れい) (benrei) (勉(べん)励(れい), 勉(べん)礪(れい))
磨(ま)厲(れい) (marei) (磨(ま)礪(れい))
凌(りょう)厲(れい) (ryōrei)
礱(ろう)厲(れい) (rōrei) (礱(ろう)礪(れい))

Korean

Hanja

厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

厲: Hán Nôm readings: lẹ, lệ

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