不得已

Chinese

		must not; should not; not be allowed must not; should not; not be allowed; to not receive	already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards
simp. and trad. (不得已)		不得	已

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bùdéyǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹ ji⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): but¹ dak¹ yi^4*
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet-yí
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-tek-í / put-tiak-í / put-tit-í

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²-i³
  - Yale: bù-dé-yǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buderyii
  - Palladius: будэи (budɛi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹ ji⁵
  - Yale: bāt dāk yíh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷ ji⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹ yi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: but¹ dak¹ yi^4*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /put̚³³ tak̚³³ ji²¹⁻²¹⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
  - Hakka Romanization System: bud` ded` i`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵ yi³
  - Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² i³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
  - Hakka Romanization System: bud` ded` (r)i`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵ yi³
  - Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² (j)i³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek-í
  - Tâi-lô: put-tik-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdek'ie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ i⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak-í
  - Tâi-lô: put-tiak-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdiak'ie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tit-í
  - Tâi-lô: put-tit-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdit'ie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/

Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tok yiX|yiH

Rime
Character	不	不	不	得	已	已
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	端 (5)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	文 (60)	登 (131)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	I	III	III
Fanqie	甫鳩切	方久切	分勿切	多則切	羊己切	羊吏切
Baxter	pjuw	pjuwX	pjut	tok	yiX	yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu/	/pɨu^X/	/pɨut̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piut̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu/	/piəu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/	/ie^X/	/ie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw/	/puw^X/	/put̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Li Rong	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/	/iə^X/	/iə^H/
Wang Li	/pĭəu/	/pĭəu^X/	/pĭuət̚/	/tək̚/	/jĭə^X/	/jĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u/	/pi̯ə̯u^X/	/pi̯uət̚/	/tək̚/	/i^X/	/i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fōu	fǒu	fu	de	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau¹	fau²	fat¹	dak¹	ji⁵	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə tˤək ɢ(r)əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' tɯːɡ lɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	不	不	得	已
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	bù	dé	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw ›	‹ pjuw ›	‹ tok ›	‹ yi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pə/	/*pə/	/*tˁək/	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
English	not	不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)	obtain	cease; already
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	不	不	不	得	已
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/1
No.	1025	1029	1048	2165	14924
Phonetic component	不	不	不	得	已
Rime group	之	之	物	職	之
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	不	缶	弗	德	以
Old Chinese	/*pɯ/	/*pɯʔ/	/*pɯ'/	/*tɯːɡ/	/*lɯʔ/
Notes		象花柎與本同源	中古才促化		巳轉註字

Adjective

不得已

having no alternative but to; acting against one's will; having to; imperative

Synonyms

不獲已／不获已 (bùhuòyǐ) (archaic)
姑不二將／姑不二将 (Hokkien)
姑不將／姑不将 (Hokkien)
沒有辦法／没有办法 (méiyǒu bànfǎ)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
不	得	已

Adjective

不得已

chữ Hán form of bất đắc dĩ.

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