丂


丂 U+4E02, 丂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E02
← 丁
[U+4E01] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 七 →
[U+4E03]

Translingual

Han character

丂 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一女尸 (MVS), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一㇉)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E02

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 丂

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 丂
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Ming typeface
Oracle bone script

j11554

j11555

Bronze inscriptions

b07078

b07079

b07080

b07081

b07082

b07083

b07084

b07085

b07086

Small seal script

s03499

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丂 *kʰluːʔ
攷 *kʰluːʔ
考 *kʰluːʔ
烤 *kʰluːʔ
拷 *kʰluːʔ
栲 *kʰluːʔ
洘 *kʰluːʔ
銬 *kʰluːs
巧 *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs
朽 *qʰluʔ

Conflation of several characters:

  1. Pictogram (象形) - axe handle; original character of 柯 (OC *kaːl) (漢語多功能字庫). Compare 斤 (jīn) which is a pictogram for the full axe.
  2. Pictogram (象形) - cane; original character of 杖 (OC *daŋʔ) (李春桃.甲骨文中的“丂”字新釋.甲骨文與殷商史(新十輯),2020:253-264.)
  3. Simplified from 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ), which is ideogrammic compound with cane (see above) as a component.
  4. Variant of 于 (OC *ɢʷa).

Etymology 1

This definition is how Shuowen describe the glyph origin (treated as 𠃑 and 一). The definition is made up, since how Shuowen described is not the true glyph origin of the character.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦浩切
Baxter khawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰawX/
Li
Rong		 /kʰɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /kʰɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kǎo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khawX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qʰˁuʔ/ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
English to sob

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
No. 7402
Phonetic
component		 丂
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 考
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰluːʔ/
Notes 古文考

Definitions

丂

  1. ‡ the look of air which is to be released

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 于.
(This character is an ancient variant form of 于).

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 考 (“to examine; to check; to study; to investigate; etc.”).
(This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 考).

References

Japanese

Kanji
丂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. obstruction of breath

Readings

Korean

Hanja

丂 (eumhun 공교할 교 (gonggyohal gyo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Readings
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