во

See also: -во, в/о, во-, and Appendix:Variations of "vo"

Chechen

Adjective

во • (vo)

bad

Ingush

Adjective

во • (vo)

bad

Komi-Permyak

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *wo, from Proto-Uralic *ëde. Cognates include Finnish vuosi and Estonian voos

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋo/, [ˈʋo̞]
Hyphenation: во

Noun

во • (vo)

year

Declension

Declension of во (stem: во-)
		singular	plural
nominative		во (vo)	воэз (voez)
accusative	I^*	во (vo)	воэз (voez)
accusative	II^*	воӧс (voös)	воэзӧс (voezös)
instrumental		воӧн (voön)	воэзӧн (voezön)
comitative		вокӧт (voköt)	воэзкӧт (voezköt)
caritive		вотӧг (votög)	воэзтӧг (voeztög)
consecutive		вола (vola)	воэзла (voezla)
genitive		волӧн (volön)	воэзлӧн (voezlön)
ablative		волісь (voliś)	воэзлісь (voezliś)
dative		волӧ (volö)	воэзлӧ (voezlö)
inessive		воын (voyn)	воэзын (voezyn)
elative		воись (voiś)	воэзісь (voeziś)
illative		воӧ (voö)	воэзӧ (voezö)
egressive		восянь (vośań)	воэзсянь (voezśań)
approximative		волань (volań)	воэзлань (voezlań)
terminative	I	воӧдз (voödź)	воэзӧдз (voezödź)
terminative	II	вови (vovi)	воэзви (voezvi)
prolative		воӧт (voöt)	воэзӧт (voezöt)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of во

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воӧ (voö)	воэзӧ (voezö)
accusative	I^*	воӧ (voö)	воэзӧ (voezö)
accusative	II^*	воӧс (voös)	воэзӧс (voezös)
instrumental		вонам (vonam)	воэзнам (voeznam)
comitative		воӧкӧт (voököt)	воэзӧкӧт (voezököt)
caritive		воӧтӧг (voötög)	воэзӧтӧг (voezötög)
consecutive		воӧла (voöla)	воэзӧла (voezöla)
genitive		воӧлӧн (voölön)	воэзӧлӧн (voezölön)
ablative		воӧлісь (voöliś)	воэзӧлісь (voezöliś)
dative		воӧлӧ (voölö)	воэзӧлӧ (voezölö)
inessive		воам (voam)	воэзам (voezam)
elative		восим (vośim)	воэзсим (voezśim)
illative		воам (voam)	воэзам (voezam)
egressive		воӧсянь (voöśań)	воэзӧсянь (voezöśań)
approximative		воӧлань (voölań)	воэзӧлань (voezölań)
terminative	I	воӧддзам (voöddźam)	воэзӧддзам (voezöddźam)
terminative	II	воӧви (voövi)	воэзӧви (voezövi)
prolative		воӧттям (voötťam)	воэзӧттям (voezötťam)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воыт (voyt)	воэт (voet)
accusative	I^*	воыт (voyt)	воэт (voet)
accusative	II^*	вотӧ (votö)	воэзтӧ (voeztö)
instrumental		вонат (vonat)	воэзнат (voeznat)
comitative		воыткӧт (voytköt)	воэткӧт (voetköt)
caritive		воыттӧг (voyttög)	воэттӧг (voettög)
consecutive		воытла (voytla)	воэтла (voetla)
genitive		воытлӧн (voytlön)	воэтлӧн (voetlön)
ablative		воытлісь (voytliś)	воэтлісь (voetliś)
dative		воытлӧ (voytlö)	воэтлӧ (voetlö)
inessive		воат (voat)	воэзат (voezat)
elative		восит (vośit)	воэзсит (voezśit)
illative		воат (voat)	воэзат (voezat)
egressive		воытсянь (voytśań)	воэтсянь (voetśań)
approximative		воытлань (voytlań)	воэтлань (voetlań)
terminative	I	воӧддзат (voöddźat)	воэзӧддзат (voezöddźat)
terminative	II	воытви (voytvi)	воэтви (voetvi)
prolative		воӧттят (voötťat)	воэзӧттят (voezötťat)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воыс (voys)	воэс (voes)
accusative	I^*	воыс (voys)	воэс (voes)
accusative	II^*	восӧ (vosö)	воэсӧ (voesö)
instrumental		вонас (vonas)	воэзнас (voeznas)
comitative		воыскӧт (voysköt)	воэскӧт (voesköt)
caritive		воыстӧг (voystög)	воэстӧг (voestög)
consecutive		воысла (voysla)	воэсла (voesla)
genitive		воыслӧн (voyslön)	воэслӧн (voeslön)
ablative		воыслісь (voysliś)	воэслісь (voesliś)
dative		воыслӧ (voyslö)	воэслӧ (voeslö)
inessive		воас (voas)	воэзас (voezas)
elative		восис (vośis)	воэзсис (voezśis)
illative		воас (voas)	воэзас (voezas)
egressive		воыссянь (voysśań)	воэссянь (voesśań)
approximative		воыслань (voyslań)	воэслань (voeslań)
terminative	I	воӧддзас (voöddźas)	воэзӧддзас (voezöddźas)
terminative	II	воысви (voysvi)	воэсви (voesvi)
prolative		воӧттяс (voötťas)	воэзӧттяс (voezötťas)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воным (vonym)	воэзным (voeznym)
accusative	I^*	воным (vonym)	воэзным (voeznym)
accusative	II^*	вонымӧ (vonymö)	воэзнымӧ (voeznymö)
instrumental		вонаным (vonanym)	воэзнаным (voeznanym)
comitative		вонымкӧт (vonymköt)	воэзнымкӧт (voeznymköt)
caritive		вонымтӧг (vonymtög)	воэзнымтӧг (voeznymtög)
consecutive		вонымла (vonymla)	воэзнымла (voeznymla)
genitive		вонымлӧн (vonymlön)	воэзнымлӧн (voeznymlön)
ablative		вонымлісь (vonymliś)	воэзнымлісь (voeznymliś)
dative		вонымлӧ (vonymlö)	воэзнымлӧ (voeznymlö)
inessive		воаным (voanym)	воэзаным (voezanym)
elative		восиным (vośinym)	воэзсиным (voezśinym)
illative		воаным (voanym)	воэзаным (voezanym)
egressive		вонымсянь (vonymśań)	воэзнымсянь (voeznymśań)
approximative		вонымлань (vonymlań)	воэзнымлань (voeznymlań)
terminative	I	воӧддзаным (voöddźanym)	воэзӧддзаным (voezöddźanym)
terminative	II	вонымви (vonymvi)	воэзнымви (voeznymvi)
prolative		воӧттяным (voötťanym)	воэзӧттяным (voezötťanym)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воныт (vonyt)	воэзныт (voeznyt)
accusative	I^*	воныт (vonyt)	воэзныт (voeznyt)
accusative	II^*	вонытӧ (vonytö)	воэзнытӧ (voeznytö)
instrumental		вонаныт (vonanyt)	воэзнаныт (voeznanyt)
comitative		воныткӧт (vonytköt)	воэзныткӧт (voeznytköt)
caritive		воныттӧг (vonyttög)	воэзныттӧг (voeznyttög)
consecutive		вонытла (vonytla)	воэзнытла (voeznytla)
genitive		вонытлӧн (vonytlön)	воэзнытлӧн (voeznytlön)
ablative		вонытлісь (vonytliś)	воэзнытлісь (voeznytliś)
dative		вонытлӧ (vonytlö)	воэзнытлӧ (voeznytlö)
inessive		воаныт (voanyt)	воэзаныт (voezanyt)
elative		восиныт (vośinyt)	воэзсиныт (voezśinyt)
illative		воаныт (voanyt)	воэзаныт (voezanyt)
egressive		вонытсянь (vonytśań)	воэзнытсянь (voeznytśań)
approximative		вонытлань (vonytlań)	воэзнытлань (voeznytlań)
terminative	I	воӧддзаныт (voöddźanyt)	воэзӧддзаныт (voezöddźanyt)
terminative	II	вонытви (vonytvi)	воэзнытви (voeznytvi)
prolative		воӧттяныт (voötťanyt)	воэзӧттяныт (voezötťanyt)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воныс (vonys)	воэзныс (voeznys)
accusative	I^*	воныс (vonys)	воэзныс (voeznys)
accusative	II^*	вонысӧ (vonysö)	воэзнысӧ (voeznysö)
instrumental		вонаныс (vonanys)	воэзнаныс (voeznanys)
comitative		воныскӧт (vonysköt)	воэзныскӧт (voeznysköt)
caritive		воныстӧг (vonystög)	воэзныстӧг (voeznystög)
consecutive		вонысла (vonysla)	воэзнысла (voeznysla)
genitive		воныслӧн (vonyslön)	воэзныслӧн (voeznyslön)
ablative		воныслісь (vonysliś)	воэзныслісь (voeznysliś)
dative		воныслӧ (vonyslö)	воэзныслӧ (voeznyslö)
inessive		воаныс (voanys)	воэзаныс (voezanys)
elative		восиныс (vośinys)	воэзсиныс (voezśinys)
illative		воаныс (voanys)	воэзаныс (voezanys)
egressive		воныссянь (vonysśań)	воэзныссянь (voeznysśań)
approximative		воныслань (vonyslań)	воэзныслань (voeznyslań)
terminative	I	воӧддзаныс (voöddźanys)	воэзӧддзаныс (voezöddźanys)
terminative	II	вонысви (vonysvi)	воэзнысви (voeznysvi)
prolative		воӧттяныс (voötťanys)	воэзӧттяныс (voezötťanys)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

R. M. Batalova, A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985) Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary]‎, Moscow: Русский язык

Komi-Zyrian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋo/, [ˈʋo̞]
Hyphenation: во

Etymology 1

From Proto-Permic *wo, from Proto-Uralic *ëde. Cognates include Finnish vuosi and Northern Khanty оԓ (oł).

Noun

во • (vo)

year

Declension

Declension of во (stem: во-)
		singular	plural
nominative		во (vo)	вояс (vojas)
accusative	I^*	во (vo)	вояс (vojas)
accusative	II^*	воӧс (voös)	воясӧс (vojasös)
instrumental		воӧн (voön)	воясӧн (vojasön)
comitative		вокӧд (voköd)	вояскӧд (vojasköd)
caritive		вотӧг (votög)	воястӧг (vojastög)
consecutive		вола (vola)	воясла (vojasla)
genitive		волӧн (volön)	вояслӧн (vojaslön)
ablative		волысь (volyś)	вояслысь (vojaslyś)
dative		волы (voly)	вояслы (vojasly)
inessive		воын (voyn)	воясын (vojasyn)
elative		воысь (voyś)	воясысь (vojasyś)
illative		воӧ (voö)	воясӧ (vojasö)
egressive		восянь (vośań)	вояссянь (vojasśań)
approximative		волань (volań)	вояслань (vojaslań)
terminative		воӧдз (voödź)	воясӧдз (vojasödź)
prolative	I	воӧд (voöd)	воясӧд (vojasöd)
prolative	II	воті (voti)	воясті (vojasti)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of во

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воӧй (voöj)	воясӧй (vojasöj)
accusative	I^*	воӧй (voöj)	воясӧй (vojasöj)
accusative	II^*	воӧс (voös)	воясӧс (vojasös)
instrumental		вонам (vonam)	вояснам (vojasnam)
comitative		воӧйкӧд (voöjköd)	воясӧйкӧд (vojasöjköd)
caritive		вотӧгым (votögym)	воястӧгым (vojastögym)
consecutive		воӧйла (voöjla)	воясӧйла (vojasöjla)
genitive		воӧйлӧн (voöjlön)	воясӧйлӧн (vojasöjlön)
ablative		воӧйлысь (voöjlyś)	воясӧйлысь (vojasöjlyś)
dative		воӧйлы (voöjly)	воясӧйлы (vojasöjly)
inessive		воам (voam)	воясам (vojasam)
elative		восьым (vośym)	вояссьым (vojasśym)
illative		воам (voam)	воясам (vojasam)
egressive		восяньым (vośańym)	вояссяньым (vojasśańym)
approximative		воланьым (volańym)	воясланьым (vojaslańym)
terminative		воӧдзым (voödźym)	воясӧдзым (vojasödźym)
prolative	I	воӧдым (voödym)	воясӧдым (vojasödym)
prolative	II	вотіым (votiym)	воястіым (vojastiym)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воыд (voyd)	воясыд (vojasyd)
accusative	I^*	воыд (voyd)	воясыд (vojasyd)
accusative	II^*	вотӧ (votö)	воястӧ (vojastö)
instrumental		вонад (vonad)	вояснад (vojasnad)
comitative		воыдкӧд (voydköd)	воясыдкӧд (vojasydköd)
caritive		вотӧгыд (votögyd)	воястӧгыд (vojastögyd)
consecutive		воыдла (voydla)	воясыдла (vojasydla)
genitive		воыдлӧн (voydlön)	воясыдлӧн (vojasydlön)
ablative		воыдлысь (voydlyś)	воясыдлысь (vojasydlyś)
dative		воыдлы (voydly)	воясыдлы (vojasydly)
inessive		воад (voad)	воясад (vojasad)
elative		восьыд (vośyd)	вояссьыд (vojasśyd)
illative		воад (voad)	воясад (vojasad)
egressive		восяньыд (vośańyd)	вояссяньыд (vojasśańyd)
approximative		воланьыд (volańyd)	воясланьыд (vojaslańyd)
terminative		воӧдзыд (voödźyd)	воясӧдзыд (vojasödźyd)
prolative	I	воӧдыд (voödyd)	воясӧдыд (vojasödyd)
prolative	II	вотіыд (votiyd)	воястіыд (vojastiyd)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		воыс (voys)	воясыс (vojasys)
accusative	I^*	воыс (voys)	воясыс (vojasys)
accusative	II^*	восӧ (vosö)	вояссӧ (vojassö)
instrumental		вонас (vonas)	вояснас (vojasnas)
comitative		воыскӧд (voysköd)	воясыскӧд (vojasysköd)
caritive		вотӧгыс (votögys)	воястӧгыс (vojastögys)
consecutive		воысла (voysla)	воясысла (vojasysla)
genitive		воыслӧн (voyslön)	воясыслӧн (vojasyslön)
ablative		воыслысь (voyslyś)	воясыслысь (vojasyslyś)
dative		воыслы (voysly)	воясыслы (vojasysly)
inessive		воас (voas)	воясас (vojasas)
elative		восьыс (vośys)	вояссьыс (vojasśys)
illative		воас (voas)	воясас (vojasas)
egressive		восяньыс (vośańys)	вояссяньыс (vojasśańys)
approximative		воланьыс (volańys)	воясланьыс (vojaslańys)
terminative		воӧдзыс (voödźys)	воясӧдзыс (vojasödźys)
prolative	I	воӧдыс (voödys)	воясӧдыс (vojasödys)
prolative	II	вотіыс (votiys)	воястіыс (vojastiys)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воным (vonym)	воясным (vojasnym)
accusative	I^*	воным (vonym)	воясным (vojasnym)
accusative	II^*	вонымӧ (vonymö)	вояснымӧ (vojasnymö)
instrumental		вонаным (vonanym)	вояснаным (vojasnanym)
comitative		вонымкӧд (vonymköd)	вояснымкӧд (vojasnymköd)
caritive		вотӧгным (votögnym)	воястӧгным (vojastögnym)
consecutive		вонымла (vonymla)	вояснымла (vojasnymla)
genitive		вонымлӧн (vonymlön)	вояснымлӧн (vojasnymlön)
ablative		вонымлысь (vonymlyś)	вояснымлысь (vojasnymlyś)
dative		вонымлы (vonymly)	вояснымлы (vojasnymly)
inessive		воаным (voanym)	воясаным (vojasanym)
elative		восьыным (vośynym)	вояссьыным (vojasśynym)
illative		воаным (voanym)	воясаным (vojasanym)
egressive		восяньным (vośańnym)	вояссяньным (vojasśańnym)
approximative		воланьным (volańnym)	воясланьным (vojaslańnym)
terminative		воӧдзным (voödźnym)	воясӧдзным (vojasödźnym)
prolative	I	воӧдным (voödnym)	воясӧдным (vojasödnym)
prolative	II	вотіным (votinym)	воястіным (vojastinym)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воныд (vonyd)	воясныд (vojasnyd)
accusative	I^*	воныд (vonyd)	воясныд (vojasnyd)
accusative	II^*	вонытӧ (vonytö)	вояснытӧ (vojasnytö)
instrumental		вонаныд (vonanyd)	вояснаныд (vojasnanyd)
comitative		воныдкӧд (vonydköd)	воясныдкӧд (vojasnydköd)
caritive		вотӧгныд (votögnyd)	воястӧгныд (vojastögnyd)
consecutive		воныдла (vonydla)	воясныдла (vojasnydla)
genitive		воныдлӧн (vonydlön)	воясныдлӧн (vojasnydlön)
ablative		воныдлысь (vonydlyś)	воясныдлысь (vojasnydlyś)
dative		воныдлы (vonydly)	воясныдлы (vojasnydly)
inessive		воаныд (voanyd)	воясаныд (vojasanyd)
elative		восьыныд (vośynyd)	вояссьыныд (vojasśynyd)
illative		воаныд (voanyd)	воясаныд (vojasanyd)
egressive		восяньныд (vośańnyd)	вояссяньныд (vojasśańnyd)
approximative		воланьныд (volańnyd)	воясланьныд (vojaslańnyd)
terminative		воӧдзныд (voödźnyd)	воясӧдзныд (vojasödźnyd)
prolative	I	воӧдныд (voödnyd)	воясӧдныд (vojasödnyd)
prolative	II	вотіныд (votinyd)	воястіныд (vojastinyd)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		воныс (vonys)	воясныс (vojasnys)
accusative	I^*	воныс (vonys)	воясныс (vojasnys)
accusative	II^*	вонысӧ (vonysö)	вояснысӧ (vojasnysö)
instrumental		вонаныс (vonanys)	вояснаныс (vojasnanys)
comitative		вонымкӧс (vonymkös)	вояснымкӧс (vojasnymkös)
caritive		вотӧгныс (votögnys)	воястӧгныс (vojastögnys)
consecutive		вонысла (vonysla)	вояснысла (vojasnysla)
genitive		воныслӧн (vonyslön)	воясныслӧн (vojasnyslön)
ablative		воныслысь (vonyslyś)	воясныслысь (vojasnyslyś)
dative		воныслы (vonysly)	воясныслы (vojasnysly)
inessive		воаныс (voanys)	воясаныс (vojasanys)
elative		восьыныс (vośynys)	вояссьыныс (vojasśynys)
illative		воаныс (voanys)	воясаныс (vojasanys)
egressive		восяньныс (vośańnys)	вояссяньныс (vojasśańnys)
approximative		воланьныс (volańnys)	воясланьныс (vojaslańnys)
terminative		воӧдзныс (voödźnys)	воясӧдзныс (vojasödźnys)
prolative	I	воӧдныс (voödnys)	воясӧдныс (vojasödnys)
prolative	II	вотіныс (votinys)	воястіныс (vojastinys)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

во • (vo)

inflection of воны (vony):
1. imperative singular
2. connegative singular

References

Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 40
L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 103

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [vɔ]
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɔ

Preposition

во • (vo)

in
Што правиш во мојата соба?
Što praviš vo mojata soba?
What are you doing in my room?

Nivkh

Noun

во (vo)

nomadic camp
village, settlement, town

Derived terms

вонӈ (vonŋ, “villager”)
вофиӈ (vofiŋ, “villager”)

References

Hidetoshi Shiraishi (2000) “Nivkh consonant alternation does not involve hardening”, in Journal of Chiba University Eurasian Society (in Nivkh), (3): 89-119
Chuner Taksami (1983) Нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский словарь (in Nivkh), 20-21

Russian

Alternative forms

в (v)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [və]
IPA^(key): [vɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
IPA^(key): [ˈvo] (when stressed)
Audio (stressed) (file)
Audio (stressed) (file)

Preposition

во • (vo)

(location) in, at, on (+ prepositional case)
(direction) to, into (+ accusative case)
(time) at, in, on

Usage notes

The form во is used before some complex consonant clusters (words that begin with 2 or more consonants), such as во второ́м, во вто́рник, во Флори́де. In most cases, в (v) is used instead.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈvo]
Audio (file)
Audio (file)

Particle

во • (vo)

(colloquial) Clipping of вот (vot).
- 1982, Сергей Донатович Довлатов (Sergei Donatovich Dovlatov), Зона (Записки надзирателя); translated as Anne Frydman, transl., The Zone: A Prison Camp Guard's Story, A.A. Knopf, 1985, page 74:
  — Во мужи́к, гоноре́и не зна́ет! Да трипа́к же, трипа́к!
  — Vo mužík, gonoréi ne znájet! Da tripák že, tripák!
  "That's a peasant for you, doesn't know what gonorrhoea is! It's the clap, the clap!"

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

во̑л (Croatia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋôː/

Noun

во̑ m (Latin spelling vȏ)

(Bosnia, Serbia) ox

Declension

Declension of во

	singular	plural
nominative	во̑	во̀лови
genitive	вола	волова
dative	волу	воловима
accusative	вола	волове
vocative	во̏ле	волови
locative	волу	воловима
instrumental	волом	воловима

References

“во” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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