čitati

See also: citati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čitati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt-. Common Balto-Slavic, compare Lithuanian skaitýti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃǐtati/
  • Hyphenation: či‧ta‧ti

Verb

čìtati impf (Cyrillic spelling чѝтати)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to read

Conjugation
Conjugation of čitati
Infinitive: čitati Present verbal adverb: čìtajūći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: čìtānje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present čitam čitaš čita čitamo čitate čitaju
Future Future I čitat ću1
čitaću		 čitat ćeš1
čitaćeš		 čitat će1
čitaće		 čitat ćemo1
čitaćemo		 čitat ćete1
čitaćete		 čitat će1
čitaće
Future II bȕdēm čitao2 bȕdēš čitao2 bȕdē čitao2 bȕdēmo čitali2 bȕdēte čitali2 bȕdū čitali2
Past Perfect čitao sam2 čitao si2 čitao je2 čitali smo2 čitali ste2 čitali su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam čitao2 bȉo si čitao2 bȉo je čitao2 bíli smo čitali2 bíli ste čitali2 bíli su čitali2
Imperfect čitah čitaše čitaše čitasmo čitaste čitahu
Conditional I čitao bih2 čitao bi2 čitao bi2 čitali bismo2 čitali biste2 čitali bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih čitao2 bȉo bi čitao2 bȉo bi čitao2 bíli bismo čitali2 bíli biste čitali2 bíli bi čitali2
Imperative — čitaj — čitajmo čitajte —
Active past participle čitao m / čitala f / čitalo n čitali m / čitale f / čitala n
Passive past participle čitan m / čitana f / čitano n čitani m / čitane f / čitana n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • dočìtati
  • iščìtati
  • načìtati
  • očìtati
  • odčìtati
  • pročìtati
  • začìtati
  • učìtati

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *čitati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃìːtati/, /t͡ʃíːtati/

Verb

čītati impf

  1. (transitive) to read
    Synonym: bráti

Conjugation
Class V, accentual type I (accent is not directly before the endings), imperfective
Infinitive čītati (a-ti), l-participle čītał
Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts) čītati
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial) čītat
Supine čītat
l-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular čītał čītala čītalo
dual čītala čītali čītali
plural čītali čītale čītala
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
masculine feminine neuter
singular čītan čītana čītano
dual čītana čītani čītani
plural čītani čītane čītana
š-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular – – –
dual – – –
plural – – –
adverbial š-participle čitȃvši
True gerund čītanje
Objectified gerund čītanje
Present stem čītam (a-m)
Present indicative
singular dual plural
1st person čītam čītava, čītama čītamo
2nd person čītaš čītata, čītasta čītate, čītaste
3rd person čīta čītata, čītasta čītajo
Imperative
singular dual plural
1st person čītaj čītajva, čītajma čītajmo
2nd person čītaj čītajta čītajte
3rd person čītaj čītajta –
č-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular čitajọ̄č, čitajȍč čitajọ́ča čitajọ́če
dual čitajọ́ča čitajọ́či čitajọ́či
plural čitajọ́či čitajọ́če čitajọ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle čitajọ̄č
e-participle čitȃje

Derived terms
  • prečītati
  • očītati
  • odčītati
  • začītati

Further reading
  • “čitati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “čitati”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references
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