züllik
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈzylːik]
- Hyphenation: zül‧lik
- Rhymes: -ylːik
Verb
züllik
- (intransitive) to decay, to become depraved, to fall into degradation (to decline in quality in a moral sense)
Usage notes
This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation
conjugation of züllik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | züllök | züllesz | züllik | züllünk | züllötök | züllenek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | züllöttem | züllöttél | züllött | züllöttünk | züllöttetek | züllöttek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zülleni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | züllék | züllél | zülle | züllénk | züllétek | züllének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. züllik vala, züllött vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | züllendek | züllendesz | züllend | züllendünk | züllendetek | züllendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | züllenék | züllenél | züllene | züllenénk | züllenétek | züllenének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. züllött volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zülljek | züllj or zülljél |
zülljön | zülljünk | zülljetek | zülljenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. züllött légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zülleni | züllenem | züllened | züllenie | züllenünk | züllenetek | zülleniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| züllés | züllő | züllött | ― | züllve (züllvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of züllik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | züllhetek | züllhetsz | züllhet | züllhetünk | züllhettek | züllhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | züllhettem | züllhettél | züllhetett | züllhettünk | züllhettetek | züllhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | züllheték | züllhetél | züllhete | züllheténk | züllhetétek | züllhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. züllhet vala, züllhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | züllhetendek or züllandhatok |
züllhetendesz or züllandhatsz |
züllhetend or züllandhat |
züllhetendünk or züllandhatunk |
züllhetendetek or züllandhattok |
züllhetendenek or züllandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | züllhetnék | züllhetnél | züllhetne | züllhetnénk | züllhetnétek | züllhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. züllhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | züllhessek | züllhess or züllhessél |
züllhessen | züllhessünk | züllhessetek | züllhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. züllhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (züllhetni) | (züllhetnem) | (züllhetned) | (züllhetnie) | (züllhetnünk) | (züllhetnetek) | (züllhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (züllhetve / züllhetvén) | ||||
References
- züllik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- züllik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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