tojik

Hungarian

Etymology

Of debated origin:[1]

  1. Borrowed from a Turkic language.
  2. From Proto-Uralic *toxe-, with the suffix -ik. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *toodak, Erzya туемс (tujems).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtojik]
  • Hyphenation: to‧jik
  • Rhymes: -ojik

Verb

tojik

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to lay (eggs)

Usage notes

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation
conjugation of tojik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojok tojsz tojik tojunk tojtok tojnak
Def. tojom tojod tojja tojjuk tojjátok tojják
2nd-p. o. tojlak ―
Past Indef. tojtam tojtál tojt tojtunk tojtatok tojtak
Def. tojtam tojtad tojta tojtuk tojtátok tojták
2nd-p. o. tojtalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tojni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. tojék tojál toja tojánk tojátok tojának
Def. tojám tojád tojá tojánk tojátok toják
2nd-p. o. tojálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tojik vala, tojt vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. tojandok tojandasz tojand tojandunk tojandotok tojandanak
Def. tojandom tojandod tojandja tojandjuk tojandjátok tojandják
2nd-p. o. tojandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojnék tojnál tojna tojnánk tojnátok tojnának
Def. tojnám tojnád tojná tojnánk
(or tojnók)		 tojnátok tojnák
2nd-p. o. tojnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tojt volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojjak tojj or
tojjál		 tojjon tojjunk tojjatok tojjanak
Def. tojjam tojd or
tojjad		 tojja tojjuk tojjátok tojják
2nd-p. o. tojjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tojt légyen
Infinitive tojni tojnom tojnod tojnia tojnunk tojnotok tojniuk
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
tojás tojó tojt tojandó tojva (tojván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of tojik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojhatok tojhatsz tojhat tojhatunk tojhattok tojhatnak
Def. tojhatom tojhatod tojhatja tojhatjuk tojhatjátok tojhatják
2nd-p. o. tojhatlak ―
Past Indef. tojhattam tojhattál tojhatott tojhattunk tojhattatok tojhattak
Def. tojhattam tojhattad tojhatta tojhattuk tojhattátok tojhatták
2nd-p. o. tojhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. tojhaték tojhatál tojhata tojhatánk tojhatátok tojhatának
Def. tojhatám tojhatád tojhatá tojhatánk tojhatátok tojhaták
2nd-p. o. tojhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. tojhat vala, tojhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. tojhatandok
or tojandhatok 		tojhatandasz
or tojandhatsz		 tojhatand
or tojandhat		 tojhatandunk
or tojandhatunk		 tojhatandotok
or tojandhattok		 tojhatandanak
or tojandhatnak
Def. tojhatandom
or tojandhatom		 tojhatandod
or tojandhatod		 tojhatandja
or tojandhatja		 tojhatandjuk
or tojandhatjuk 		tojhatandjátok
or tojandhatjátok		 tojhatandják
or tojandhatják
2nd-p. o. tojhatandalak
or tojandhatlak		 ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojhatnék tojhatnál tojhatna tojhatnánk tojhatnátok tojhatnának
Def. tojhatnám tojhatnád tojhatná tojhatnánk
(or tojhatnók)		 tojhatnátok tojhatnák
2nd-p. o. tojhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tojhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tojhassak tojhass or
tojhassál		 tojhasson tojhassunk tojhassatok tojhassanak
Def. tojhassam tojhasd or
tojhassad		 tojhassa tojhassuk tojhassátok tojhassák
2nd-p. o. tojhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tojhatott légyen
Inf. (tojhatni) (tojhatnom) (tojhatnod) (tojhatnia) (tojhatnunk) (tojhatnotok) (tojhatniuk)
Positive adjective tojható Neg. adj. tojhatatlan Adv. part. (tojhatva / tojhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References
  1. tojik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading
  • tojik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Uzbek

Noun

tojik (plural tojiklar)

  1. Tajik

Derived terms
  • tojikcha
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.