vaj
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
Audio (AU) (file)
Albanian
Etymology 1
- Uncertain. Perhaps from the alternative, the interjection meaning 'woe', connecting the tears with oil. Another theory suggests the term vaj might have evolved from Old Albanian *vaīlë (compare the dialectal forms) and earlier *ewaila, becoming cognate with Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) and Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”) both, in turn, deriving from a Mediterranean substrate language.
- From Proto-Albanian *u̯ɔλa, from Vulgar Latin *oli̯u, from Latin oleum,[1] from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).
Derived terms
- vajguri (“petroleum”)
Etymology 2
Possibly from Proto-Albanian *uai, from Proto-Indo-European *wáy, *uai (“woe!, alas!”); similar words are found in several European languages. Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀά (oá, “woe!, alas!”) and Old Armenian վայ (vay, “cry of pain”), Latin vae, Icelandic vei, Dutch wee, English woe. Compare also Romanian vai, Serbo-Croatian авај (avaj), Italian guai. In view of a widespread secondary meaning 'to cry', one may also consider Proto-Albanian *vabja, connected with Old Church Slavonic вабимо (vabimo, “being lured”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “call out”), Old English wēpan (“weep, cry”).
Related terms
- vajtoj
- kukuvajkë
References
- Stefan Schumacher & Joachim Matzinger, Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 245.
Francisco León Zoque
References
- Engel, Ralph, Allhiser de Engel, Mary, Mateo Alvarez, José (1987) Diccionario zoque de Francisco León (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 30) (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 218
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɒj]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɒj
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *waje. Cognates include Northern Mansi во̄й (wōj) and Finnish voi.
Noun
vaj (countable and uncountable, plural vajak)
- butter (a soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk))
- Régen mindig vajjal főztünk. ― In the old days, we always cooked with butter.
- butter (any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it))
- mogyoróvaj ― peanut butter
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vaj | vajak |
accusative | vajat | vajakat |
dative | vajnak | vajaknak |
instrumental | vajjal | vajakkal |
causal-final | vajért | vajakért |
translative | vajjá | vajakká |
terminative | vajig | vajakig |
essive-formal | vajként | vajakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vajban | vajakban |
superessive | vajon | vajakon |
adessive | vajnál | vajaknál |
illative | vajba | vajakba |
sublative | vajra | vajakra |
allative | vajhoz | vajakhoz |
elative | vajból | vajakból |
delative | vajról | vajakról |
ablative | vajtól | vajaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
vajé | vajaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vajéi | vajakéi |
Possessive forms of vaj | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vajam | vajaim |
2nd person sing. | vajad | vajaid |
3rd person sing. | vaja | vajai |
1st person plural | vajunk | vajaink |
2nd person plural | vajatok | vajaitok |
3rd person plural | vajuk | vajaik |
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic, imitating an involuntary burst of sound.[1]
References
- vaj in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- (butter): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([dialectal] or): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([archaic; alternative form of vajh] I wonder): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([poetic; obsolete; alternative form of vajh] oh): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Romani
Swedish
Etymology
Originally an older Stockholm pronunciation of varg (“wolf, defect product”), with loss of /r/ before /j/.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vaj/
- Rhymes: -aj
Derived terms
References
Tzotzil
Pronunciation
- (Zinacantán) IPA(key): /βäh/
Noun
vaj
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Derived terms
References
- “vah(3)” in Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
White Hmong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /va˥˧/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Chinese 王 (MC hjwang|hjwangH, “king”) or Mandarin 王 (wáng, “id”).[1]
Etymology 2
From Proto-Hmong *waŋᴬ (“garden”), borrowed from Old Chinese 園 (OC *ɢʷan, “garden”). Cognate with Proto-Mien *hwunᴬ (“id”).[2]
Noun
vaj (classifier: lub)
References
- https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25
- Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 43; 166; 285.