toko
English
Etymology 1
From Dutch toko (“Southeast Asian grocery store”), from Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫/土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).
Noun
toko (plural tokos)
- A shop in the Netherlands selling mainly Asian food products, and generally Asian- or Indo-European-owned.
Noun
toko (uncountable)
- (obsolete, UK, slang) Alternative spelling of toco (“corporal punishment”)
- 1892, Edwin James Milliken, “On Law and Order”, in The 'Arry Ballads, verse 1, page 58, line 4:
- When a reglar Primroser gits toko, one wonders wot next there will come.
Derived terms
- give toko
Dutch
Etymology
From Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫/土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtoːkoː/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: to‧ko
Noun
toko m (plural toko's, diminutive tokootje n)
- (historical, referring to Indonesia) a Dutch, otherwise European or Chinese shop [19th to 20th c.]
- 1879 May 26, W. F. van Erp, "Een toko van keurige provisien." (advertisement), De locomotief. Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad, vol. 28, issue 120, page 4.
- Een TOKO van puike DRANKEN.
Een TOKO om fraaie CADEAUTJES te koopen
Een TOKO om sterke, mooie IJzeren LEDIKANTEN met toebehooren te koopen.
Een TOKO van alle soorten BANKET en SUIKERWERK. […]- A shop for excellent DRINKS.
A shop where you can buy beautiful GIFTS
A shop where you can buy strong, beautiful IRON COTS with accessories.
A shop for all types of BANQUET and SWEETS.
- A shop for excellent DRINKS.
- 1879 May 26, W. F. van Erp, "Een toko van keurige provisien." (advertisement), De locomotief. Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad, vol. 28, issue 120, page 4.
- (Netherlands) a grocery store or supermarket specializing in Southeast Asian (especially Indonesian or Chinese Indonesian) products, which are mostly food items [from 20th c.]
- 2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.
- Struin maar eens over een boerenmarkt om te zien wat er plaatselijk allemaal geteeld en verkocht wordt, of ga naar de dichtstbijzijnde toko of naar een ruim gesorteerde supermarkt om te zien welke onbekende ingrediënten er gewoon bij je om de hoek te koop zijn.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.
- (colloquial, Netherlands) shop, store, stand [from 20th c.]
- 2015, Anna Nooshin, On Top, Unieboek | Het Sprectrum:
- Opende de toko, sloot de toko, ik wóónde praktisch in die toko.
- Opened the store, closed the store, I practically lived in that store.
- (colloquial, Netherlands) any company or business [from late 20th c.]
- 2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.
- ‘Peter!’ doet Wouter enthousiast. ‘Goed om jou hier te treffen!’
‘Tja,’ lacht Peter. ‘Het is mijn toko.’- ‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’
‘Well,’ Peter laughs. ‘It is my business.’
- ‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’
- 2013 March, Chris Broesder, “Games ontwikkelen voor Nintendo en Sony wordt makkelijker”, in Personal Computer Magazine:
- De andere Japanse games-toko, Nintendo genaamd, zegt ook een beter ontwikkelklimaat te willen voor indie-ontwikkelaars.
- The other Japanese games company, called Nintendo, says it also wants a better development environment for indie developers.
- 2015, Daniël Meyer, De man van Venus, Futuro:
- Ga eens naar de balansen, kijken we wat die toko waard is.
- Go check the balances, then we'll see what the value of that business is.
- 2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.
Descendants
- → English: toko
Anagrams
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtoko/, [ˈt̪o̞ko̞]
- Rhymes: -oko
- Syllabification(key): to‧ko
Etymology 1
Initialism for tottelevaisuuskoe (“obedience trial”).
Declension
Inflection of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | toko | tokot | ||
genitive | tokon | tokojen | ||
partitive | tokoa | tokoja | ||
illative | tokoon | tokoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | toko | tokot | ||
accusative | nom. | toko | tokot | |
gen. | tokon | |||
genitive | tokon | tokojen | ||
partitive | tokoa | tokoja | ||
inessive | tokossa | tokoissa | ||
elative | tokosta | tokoista | ||
illative | tokoon | tokoihin | ||
adessive | tokolla | tokoilla | ||
ablative | tokolta | tokoilta | ||
allative | tokolle | tokoille | ||
essive | tokona | tokoina | ||
translative | tokoksi | tokoiksi | ||
abessive | tokotta | tokoitta | ||
instructive | — | tokoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
Etymology 2
Based on the genus name (translingual Tockus).
Declension
Inflection of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | toko | tokot | ||
genitive | tokon | tokojen | ||
partitive | tokoa | tokoja | ||
illative | tokoon | tokoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | toko | tokot | ||
accusative | nom. | toko | tokot | |
gen. | tokon | |||
genitive | tokon | tokojen | ||
partitive | tokoa | tokoja | ||
inessive | tokossa | tokoissa | ||
elative | tokosta | tokoista | ||
illative | tokoon | tokoihin | ||
adessive | tokolla | tokoilla | ||
ablative | tokolta | tokoilta | ||
allative | tokolle | tokoille | ||
essive | tokona | tokoina | ||
translative | tokoksi | tokoiksi | ||
abessive | tokotta | tokoitta | ||
instructive | — | tokoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- aarnitoko
- aasiantoko
- afrikantoko
- akaasiatoko
- angolantoko
- etelänkeltatoko
- harmaatoko
- intiantoko
- kalliotoko
- keltanokkatoko
- kirjotoko
- kruunutoko
- malabarintoko
- namibiantoko
- pikkutoko
- punanokkatoko
- srilankantoko
- turkanantoko
- valkonokkatoko
- valkotöyhtötoko
Hopi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈto.ko/
- Rhymes: -o
Audio (file)
Noun
toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)
- shop; store
- toko buku ― bookshop
- toko kelontong ― convenience store
- toko serba ada ― department store
- 2008 [1997 July 10], Ajip Rosidi, Yang datang telanjang: Surat-surat Ajip Rosidi dari Jepang, 1980-2002 [That came naked: Letters of Ajip Rosidi from Japan, 1980-2002] (non-fiction), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, Kepada Lazuardi Anwar, page 574:
- Walaupun kalau saya berkunjung ke tanahair, selalu menyempatkan diri ke toko buku. Tapi banyak buku yang diterbitkan apalagi kalau karya sastera‒tak sampai ke toko buku. Saya sering dengar bahwa toko buku kita umumnya tidak mau memberi tempat buat buku sastera. Tentu karena minat masyarakat terhadap sastera kecil sekali.
- Even when I visited my homeland, I often take my time to go to bookshops. However, many books that are published, especially those that are literary works‒do not reach the bookshops. I often hear that our bookshops generally do not want to give space for literature books. Surely because community interest towards literature is very small.
- 2018 July 10, “Masyarakat Diajak Buka Toko Virtual [Community Invited to Set Up Virtual Shops]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 29 October 2018:
- Alfamart melalui program Alfamind mengajak masyarakat untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan membuka toko secara virtual. Melalui aplikasi ini, siapa pun bisa saja menjadi pemilik toko hanya dengan berjualan melalui aplikasi smartphone.
- Alfamart, through the Alfamind program, invites the community to become entrepreneurs by setting up shops virtually. Through this application, anyone can also become a shop owner just by selling through a smartphone application.
Derived terms
- toko buku
- toko kelontong
- toko pengecer
- toko penyalur
- toko seni
- toko serba ada
- toko swalayan
Etymology 2
From Sundanese [Term?].
Noun
toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)
Further reading
- “toko” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
Laboya
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtoːko]
Malay
Etymology
From Hokkien 土庫/土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /to.ko/
- Rhymes: -o
Noun
toko (Jawi spelling توکو, plural toko-toko, informal 1st possessive tokoku, 2nd possessive tokomu, 3rd possessive tokonya)
- (uncommon) retailer; shop selling retail merchandise
- 2018 February 22, Pg Fairol RMF, “Pesta Buku Brunei 27 Feb ini [Brunei Book Festival on 27th Feb]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 29 October 2018:
- Dalam sidang media di Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP, petang tadi, Pemangku Pengarah DBP, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak selaku Pengerusi PBB dan KMBM menjelaskan, sebanyak 78 petak disediakan semasa pesta dan karnival berkenaan yang akan disertai oleh DBP, penerbit-penerbit buku kerajaan dan swasta serta toko buku dari dalam dan luar negara.
- In a press conference at Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka), in the afternoon, DBP Acting Director, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak, who is the chairperson of PBB (Pesta Buku Brunei) and KMBM (Karnival Memperkasa Budaya Membaca), explained that as many as 78 lots were available during the book festival and carnival which will be participated by DBP, government and private book publishers, as well as book retailers from within and outside the country.
Hypernyms
- kedai (“shop; store”)
Coordinate terms
- kedai serbaneka (“convenience store”)
- kedai runcit (“grocery store”)
- pasar raya (“supermarket”)
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- bertoko [stative / habitual] (beR-)
References
Further reading
- “toko” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *toko (compare with Samoan toʻo, Hawaiian koʻo)[1] from Proto-Oceanic *tokon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“bamboo punting pole, to press downward”) (compare with Malay tekan, Tagalog tikin).[2]
Related terms
- tokotoko
- kotokoto
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
toko
- (obsolete) past tense plural of taka
- 1647, “LAnte oster Kraakelund”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 39:
- Dei toko mæ qvaet dei finge
- They brought what they got
Ternate
Etymology
From Indonesian toko, from Hokkien 土庫/土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈto.ko]
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tetum
Etymology
From Indonesian toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫/土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).