sn
Translingual
English
Demotic
References
- Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, pages 435–436
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /san/ → /san/ → /san/ → /san/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /sɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: sen
Noun
m
- brother
- (by extension) any closely related male family member, such as a cousin, uncle, or nephew
- male lover or suitor
- husband
- (usually in the plural) a person of equal status who belongs to the same group or shares common characteristics; fellow
- coworker, colleague
- one of two opposing disputants in court, litigant
Usage notes
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
- When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
- When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
- When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
- When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .ṯn |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj |
.ṯnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn |
.sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy |
kw, k, ṯw, ṯ |
ṯm, ṯn |
sw, s |
s |
dual | — |
ṯnj |
snj | |||
plural | n |
ṯn |
sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ṯwt |
ṯmt |
swt |
stt |
dual | — |
— |
ntsnj | |||
plural | — |
ntṯn |
ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k |
.tj, .t |
∅, .j |
.tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn |
.wy, .wj |
.ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw |
∅, .w, .y, .wy |
.tj, .t | |||
|
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .t |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj |
.ṯnj, .tnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn, .tn |
.sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w |
ṯw, tw |
ṯn, tn |
sw, st |
sj, s, st |
plural | n |
ṯn, tn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ntk, ṯwt2 |
ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 |
ntf, swt2 |
nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 |
ntṯn, nttn |
ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw |
.tj, .t, .tw3 |
∅, .w |
.tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn |
.tjwn, .tjwnj |
∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
sj, st |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st | |||
|
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kw |
.t |
.f, .fj |
.s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n |
.tn, .twn |
.w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj |
tw, tj |
sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn |
twn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
mntk, mtwk |
mntt, mtwy |
mntf |
mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn |
mnttn |
mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k |
.tj, .tw |
∅, .w, .y |
.tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw |
.tn |
∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
st, sw |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st, sw, swt | |||
|
Etymology 3
Compare with Hausa sansana (“to smell”).
Verb
2-lit.
- (transitive) to kiss
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:
- jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k
- If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.
- (transitive) to smell
Inflection
Conjugation of sn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: sn, geminated stem: snn
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
sn |
snw, sn |
snt |
sn, j.sn |
sn, j.sn |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
sn |
ḥr sn |
m sn |
r sn |
suffix conjugation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
perfect | sn.n |
snw, sn |
consecutive | sn.jn |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
terminative | snt | ||||
perfective3 | sn |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
obligative1 | sn.ḫr |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
imperfective | sn, j.sn1 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
prospective3 | sn |
snn |
potentialis1 | sn.kꜣ |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
subjunctive | sn, j.sn1 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
verbal adjectives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
active | passive | active | passive | |
perfect | sn.n |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
— | — |
perfective | sn |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
sn |
snn, snnj6, sn2, snw2 5, sny2 5 |
imperfective | j.sn1, sn, sny, snw5 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 |
j.sn1, j.snw1 5, sn, snj6, sny6 |
sn, snw5 |
prospective | sn, sntj7 |
— | sntj4, snt4 | |
|
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 51.
- Revez, J. (2003) “The Metaphorical Use of the Kinship Term sn ‘Brother’”, in Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, volume 40, pages 123–131
- https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?basename=\data\semham\afaset
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 46, 53, 55
Italian
Swedish
See also
Anagrams
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.