singen
Cimbrian
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
German
Etymology
From Middle High German singen, from Old High German singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzɪŋən/, [ˈzɪŋŋ̩]
- IPA(key): /ˈsɪŋɛn/ (Austria)
audio (Berlin) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪŋn̩
Verb
singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singt, past tense sang, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sänge, auxiliary haben)
- to sing
- 1931, Arthur Schnitzler, Flucht in die Finsternis, S. Fischer Verlag, page 38:
- Er ging rasch und sicher, trällerte vor sich hin, endlich begann er sogar zu singen mit einer schönen dunklen Stimme, die ihm selber fremd vorkam.
- He walked fast and firmly, trilled to himself, finally he even started to sing in a beautiful dark voice, which seemed unfamiliar to himself.
Conjugation
infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | singend | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singst | ihr singt | du singest | ihr singet | ||
er singt | sie singen | er singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sang | wir sangen | ii | ich sänge1 | wir sängen1 |
du sangst | ihr sangt | du sängest1 du sängst1 |
ihr sänget1 ihr sängt1 | ||
er sang | sie sangen | er sänge1 | sie sängen1 | ||
imperative | sing (du) singe (du) |
singt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
- absingen
- besingen
- einsingen
- lobsingen
- mitsingen
- nachsingen
- vorsingen
Low German
Etymology
From Middle Low German singen, from Old Saxon singan.
Conjugation
infinitive | singen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | sing | sung |
2nd person singular | sings(t) | sungs(t) |
3rd person singular | sing(t) | sung |
plural | singt, singen | sungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | sing | |
plural | singt | |
participle | present | past |
singen | (e)sungen, gesungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan.
Inflection
Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | singen | |
3rd sg. past | sanc | |
3rd pl. past | songen | |
Past participle | gesongen | |
Infinitive | singen | |
In genitive | singens | |
In dative | singene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | sanc |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | soncs, songes |
3rd singular | sinct, singet | sanc |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | sonct, songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | songe |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | songes |
3rd singular | singe | songe |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | sinc, singe | |
Plural | sinct, singet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | singende | gesongen |
Descendants
Further reading
- “singhen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “singen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsinɡən/
Verb
singen
- To sing (something); to produce (certain) noises with one's voice:
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of song, of þe ordynal of salisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly bysynesse of prestis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel:
- Þan were matynys & masse & euen song, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men, to be songen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe sentence & vnderstondynge of þat þat was þus songen, & to maken men wery & vndisposid to studie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis […]
- Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]
- To explicate or narrate in song.
- To cry in agony; to produce lamentations.
- To produce birdsong or a similar noise.
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):
- To recite a non-sung prayer or religious commendation.
- To perform the Eucharist (in a given way).
- To talk about; to explicate or narrate.
- (rare) To recite non-sung verse or poetry.
- To use or play a musical instrument.
- To make the sound of a musical instrument.
- To undergo agony or sorrow.
- (rare) To make an animal sound.
Conjugation
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Conjugation
- “singen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-09-20.
Related terms
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German singan.
Verb
singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singet, past tense sanc, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sünge, auxiliary hân)
- to sing
Conjugation
infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | singennes singenes | ||||
dative gerund | singenne singene | ||||
present participle | singende | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | hân | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singest | ir singet | du singest | ir singet | ||
ër singet | sie singent | ër singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sanc | wir sungen | ii | ich sünge | wir süngen |
du sünge | ir sunget | du süngest | ir sünget | ||
ër sanc | sie sungen | ër sünge | sie süngen | ||
imperative | sinc (du) | singet (ir) |