imperium
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium (“power, command”), from imperō (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”). Doublet of empery and empire.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɪmˈpɪəɹi.əm/
- (US) IPA(key): /ɪmˈpɪɹi.əm/
- Rhymes: -ɪəɹiəm
Noun
imperium (countable and uncountable, plural imperia or imperiums)
- Supreme power; dominion.
- The right to command the force of the state; sovereignty.
Related terms
Danish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /emˈpeˀɐ̯iɔm/
References
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɪmˈpeː.ri.ʏm/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: im‧pe‧ri‧um
Noun
imperium n (plural imperia, diminutive imperiumpje n)
- empire
- Synonyms: keizerrijk, rijk
- business empire
Related terms
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪmpeˈriʊm/
- Rhymes: -ʊm, -m
- Hyphenation: im‧pé‧ri‧um
Noun
impérium (plural imperium-imperium, first-person possessive imperiumku, second-person possessive imperiummu, third-person possessive imperiumnya)
- empire.
- Synonyms: kekaisaran, kemaharajaan
Alternative forms
- émpayar (Standard Malay)
Related terms
Further reading
- “imperium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Alternative forms
- inperium
Etymology
From imperō (“command, order”) + -ium, from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /imˈpe.ri.um/, [ɪmˈpɛriʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /imˈpe.ri.um/, [imˈpɛːrium]
Noun
imperium n (genitive imperiī or imperī); second declension
- The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.95–96:
- “quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter
‘nam locus imperiī rūs erit istud’ ait.”- “After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
(The muse Calliope tells what the prophetess Carmenta said to Carmenta’s son, Evander of Pallantium, after his arrival in Italy.)
- “After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
- “quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter
- The right or power to command or be in control; dominion.
- Synonyms: ductus, potestas, arbitrium, auctōritās
- Absolute command or authority over the empire (or other polity); sovereignty; sway.
- Synonym: diciō
- (military) Military authority, the command (of an army).
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- The exercise of authority, rule, law, control, sovereignty.
- Synonyms: diciō, praescrīptum, rēgula
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.20:
- Imperium se ab Caesare per proditionem nullum desiderare
- He desired no sovereignty from Caesar by treachery
- Imperium se ab Caesare per proditionem nullum desiderare
- A command, order, direction, bidding.
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | imperium | imperia |
Genitive | imperiī imperī1 |
imperiōrum |
Dative | imperiō | imperiīs |
Accusative | imperium | imperia |
Ablative | imperiō | imperiīs |
Vocative | imperium | imperia |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Related terms
Descendants
- Asturian: imperiu
- Friulian: imperi
- German: Imperium
- Italian: imperio, impero
- Old Catalan: emperi
- Catalan: imperi
- Occitan: empèri
- Old French:
- → Old Irish: impere, impire
- Old Galician-Portuguese: emperio
- Portuguese: império
- Piedmontese: imperi
- Romanian: imperiu
- → Russian: импе́рия (impérija), импе́рія (impérija)
- Sicilian: mpiru
- Spanish: imperio
- → Tagalog: imperyo
- Venetian: inpero
References
- “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- imperium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- imperium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- the empire reaches to the ends of the world: imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur
- to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
- monarchy: imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium
- government by the mob: multitudinis dominatus or imperium
- democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
- to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
- to have power over some one: imperium tenere (in aliquem)
- to maintain power, authority: imperium obtinere
- to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium: cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3)
- to hold a high office (such as conferred imperium, i.e. consulatus, dictatura, praetura): in imperio esse
- to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
- to lay down one's power: imperium deponere (Rep. 2. 12. 23)
- absolute power; autocracy: imperium singulare
- to take upon oneself absolute power: imperium, regnum, tyrannidem occupare
- to attack, overthrow a tyranny: imperium oppugnare, percellere
- to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
- civil and military offices: magistratus et imperia (Sall. Iug. 3. 1)
- to deprive a person of his position as commandant: abrogare alicui imperium
- the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
- to hold a high command: cum imperio esse
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
- to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
- the command is transferred, passes to some one: imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit)
- to depose a person from his command: imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10)
- to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
- to make one's submission to some one: se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui)
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui)
- subjects: qui imperio subiecti sunt
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- “imperium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “imperium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
imperium n (definite singular imperiet, indefinite plural imperier, definite plural imperia or imperiene)
- an empire
References
- “imperium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /imˈpeːriʉm/
References
- “imperium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /imˈpɛ.rjum/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛrjum
- Syllabification: im‧pe‧rium
Declension
Related terms
Swedish
Noun
imperium n
- an empire (state ruled by an emperor or czar)
- Synonyms: kejsardöme, kejsarrike, rike, stormaktsvälde
- Den 6 juni började Italien minera sitt imperiums kuster.
- On June 6 [1940], Italy started to place mines along the coasts of its empire. [including at the time Italy and Libya]
- an empire (huge state or similar sphere of power)
- an empire (business empire or the like)
Declension
Declension of imperium | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | imperium | imperiet | imperier | imperierna |
Genitive | imperiums | imperiets | imperiers | imperiernas |
Related terms
- handelsimperium
- imperialism
- imperialist
- imperialistisk
- imperialstil
- imperialsäng
- imperiebyggare
- industriimperium
- rymdimperium