erde

See also: Appendix:Variations of "erde"

Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /erˈde/, [ʔɛɾˈdɛ]
  • Hyphenation: er‧de

Verb

erdé (causative eyreddé, frequentative eramerdé)

  1. (intransitive) run

Conjugation

    Conjugation of erde (type I verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative erdéhterdéhyerdéhterdéhnerdéhterdeeníhyerdeeníh
N-affirmative erdéterdéyerdéterdénerdéterdényerdén
negative máardinniyomáardinnitomáardinnamáardinnamáardinninomáardinnitonmáardinnon
imperfective V-affirmative ardéhtardéhyardéhtardéhnardéhtardeeníhyardeeníh
N-affirmative ardétardéyardétardénardétardényardén
negative máardamátardamáyarda,
míyarda
mátardamánardamátardanmáyardan,
míyardan
prospective V-affirmative ardéliyoh,
ardéyyoh
ardélitoh,
ardéttoh
ardélehardélehardélinoh,
ardénnoh
ardélitoonuh,
ardéttoonuh
ardéloonuh
N-affirmative ardéliyo,
ardéyyo
ardélito,
ardétto
ardéleardéleardélino,
ardénno
ardéliton,
ardétton
ardélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative árduhtárduhyárduhtárduhnárduhtardóonuhyardóonuh
N-affirmative árdutárduyárdutárdunárdutardónyardón
negative ardé wáyuhardé wáytuhardé wáyuhardé wáytuhardé wáynuhardé waytóonuhardé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative ardénkehtardénkehyardénkehtardénkehnardénkehtardeenínkehyardeenínkeh
N-affirmative ardénketardénkeyardénketardénkenardénketardeenínkeyardeenínke
negative ardé wáankehardé waytánkehardé wáankehardé waytánkehardé waynánkehardé waytaanankéhardé waanánkeh
jussive affirmative árdaytárdayyárdaytárdaynárdaytardóonayyardóonay
negative ardé wáayardé wáytayardé wáayardé wáytayardé wáynayardé waytóonayardé wóonay
past
conditional
affirmative ardinniyóyardinnitóyardinnáyardinnáyardinninóyardinnitoonúyardinnoonúy
negative ardé wanniyóyardé wannitóyardé wannáyardé wannáyardé wanninóyardé wannitoonúyardé wannoonúy
present
conditional I
affirmative erdékterdékyerdékterdéknerdékterdeeníkyerdeeník
negative ardé wéekardé waytékardé wéekardé waytékardé waynékardé wayteeníkardé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative ardóonardóo imperative affirmative eréderéda
negative maardóomanardóo negative máardinmáardina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
árdihárdiárdukardínnuhardínnukardíyyaardinnáanihardinnáan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II
affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative ardé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential
affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative ardé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II
affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative ardé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional
affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis ardé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “erde”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

German

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Verb

erde

  1. inflection of erden:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. singular imperative
    3. first/third-person singular subjunctive I

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛrdə/

Noun

erde f

  1. the Earth
  2. soil, ground

Inflection

Weak feminine
Singular Plural
Nominative erde
Accusative erde
Genitive erden
Dative erde, erden

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Dutch: aarde
    • Afrikaans: aarde
    • Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
      • Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
    • Indonesian: arde
  • Limburgish: aerd, aerj

Further reading

  • erde”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “erde”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle High German

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German erda, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.

Noun

ërde f

  1. earth

Declension

Descendants

References

  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “ërde”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Turkish

Noun

erde

  1. locative singular of er
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