xaaxe

Afar

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɖaːˈɖe/, [ɖaːˈɖɛ]
  • Hyphenation: xaa‧xe

Verb

xaaxé

  1. (Northern dialects, auxiliary) intend to
  2. (Northern dialects, auxiliary) almost do

Conjugation

    Conjugation of xaaxe (type II verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative xaaxéhxaaxxéhxaaxéhxaaxxéhxaaxnéh, xaanxéhxaaxxeeníhxaaxeeníh
N-affirmative xaaxéxaaxxéxaaxéxaaxxéxaaxné, xaanxéxaaxxénxaaxén
negative máxaaxinniyomáxaaxinnitomáxaaxinnamáxaaxinnamáxaaxinninomáxaaxinnitonmáxaaxinnon
imperfective V-affirmative xaaxáhxaaxxáhxaaxáhxaaxxáhxaaxnáh, xaanxáhxaaxxaanáhxaaxaanáh
N-affirmative xaaxáxaaxxáxaaxáxaaxxáxaaxná, xaanxáxaaxxánxaaxán
negative máxaaxamáxaaxxamáxaaxamáxaaxxamáxaaxna, máxaanxamáxaaxxanmáxaaxan
prospective V-affirmative xaaxéliyoh
xaaxéyyoh
xaaxélitoh
xaaxéttoh
xaaxélehxaaxélehxaaxélinoh
xaaxénnoh
xaaxélitoonuh
xaaxéttoonuh
xaaxéloonuh
N-affirmative xaaxéliyo
xaaxéyyo
xaaxélito
xaaxétto
xaaxélexaaxélexaaxélino
xaaxénno
xaaxéliton
xaaxétton
xaaxélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative xáaxuhxáaxxuhxáaxuhxáaxxuhxáaxuh, xáanxuhxaaxxóonuhxaaxóonuh
N-affirmative xáaxuxáaxxuxáaxuxáaxxuxáaxu, xáanxuhxaaxxónxaaxón
negative xaaxé wáyuhxaaxé wáytuhxaaxé wáyuhxaaxé wáytuhxaaxé wáynuhxaaxé waytóonuhxaaxé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative xaaxánkehxaaxxánkehxaaxánkehxaaxxánkehxaaxnánkeh, xaanxánkehxaaxxaanánkehxaaxaanánkeh
N-affirmative xaaxánkexaaxxánkexaaxánkexaaxxánkexaaxnánke, xaanxánkexaaxxaanánkexaaxaanánke
negative xaaxé wáankehxaaxé waytánkehxaaxé wáankehxaaxé waytánkehxaaxé waynánkehxaaxé waytaanánkehxaaxé wáankeh
jussive affirmative xáaxayxáaxxayxáaxayxáaxxayxáaxay, xáanxayxaaxxóonayxaaxóonay
negative xaaxé wáayxaaxé wáytayxaaxé wáayxaaxé wáytayxaaxé wáynayxaaxé waytóonayxaaxé wóonay
past
conditional
affirmative xaaxinniyóyxaaxinnitóyxaaxinnáyxaaxinnáyxaaxinninóyxaaxinnitoonúyxaaxinnoonúy
negative xaaxé wanniyóyxaaxé wannitóyxaaxé wannáyxaaxé wannáyxaaxé wanninóyxaaxé wannitoonúyxaaxé wanninoonúy
present
conditional I
affirmative xaaxékxaaxxékxaaxékxaaxxékxaaxnék, xaanxékxaaxxeeníkxaaxeeník
negative xaaxé wéekxaaxé waytékxaaxé wéekxaaxé waytékxaaxé waynékxaaxé wayteeníkxaaxé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative xaaxóoxaaxnóo, xaanxóo imperative affirmative xáaxxáaxa
negative maxaaxóomaxaaxnóo, máxaanxóo negative máxaaxinmáxaaxina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
xáaxahxáaxixáaxakxaaxínnuhxaaxínnukxaaxíyyaxaaxináanihxaaxináan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II
affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative xaaxé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential
affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative xaaxé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II
affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative xaaxé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional
affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis xaaxé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “xaaxe”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 348
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