branden
Catalan
Danish
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrɑndə(n)/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: bran‧den
- Rhymes: -ɑndən
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch branden, a backformation from the past forms brande, gebrant of barnen, bernen, from Old Dutch *bernan, metathesis of brennan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną. Displaced the form barnen. The sense “to write to a storage medium” is a semantic loan from English burn.
According to Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, the Middle Dutch past forms brande, gebrant were formed anew from barnde, gebarnt by analogy with the related noun brand (“fire”), thus involving a kind of "re-metathesis". However, it appears more plausible that those forms survived unaltered (alongside the regularised forms) because the consonant cluster -nd- hampered the metathesis (as it clearly did in brand). The regular a-vocalism is due to Rückumlaut (cf. German brannte, gebrannt). Only the backformation of the present stem brand- would have been influenced by the noun.
Verb
branden
Inflection
Derived terms
- aanbranden
- afbranden
- dichtbranden
- doodbranden
- doorbranden
- herbranden
- inbranden
- losbranden
- nabranden
- neerbranden
- ontbranden
- opbranden
- openbranden
- platbranden
- uitbranden
- verbranden
- vooruitbranden
- wegbranden
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Galician
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
branden (weak, third-person singular present brandet, past tense brandete, past participle gebrandet, auxiliary haben)
Conjugation
infinitive | branden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | brandend | ||||
past participle | gebrandet | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich brande | wir branden | i | ich brande | wir branden |
du brandest | ihr brandet | du brandest | ihr brandet | ||
er brandet | sie branden | er brande | sie branden | ||
preterite | ich brandete | wir brandeten | ii | ich brandete1 | wir brandeten1 |
du brandetest | ihr brandetet | du brandetest1 | ihr brandetet1 | ||
er brandete | sie brandeten | er brandete1 | sie brandeten1 | ||
imperative | brand (du) brande (du) |
brandet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Middle Dutch
Inflection
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | branden | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | branden | |
In genitive | brandens | |
In dative | brandene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | brande | — |
2nd singular | brants, brandes | — |
3rd singular | brant, brandet | — |
1st plural | branden | — |
2nd plural | brant, brandet | — |
3rd plural | branden | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | brande | — |
2nd singular | brants, brandes | — |
3rd singular | brande | — |
1st plural | branden | — |
2nd plural | brant, brandet | — |
3rd plural | branden | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | brant, brande | |
Plural | brant, brandet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | brandende | — |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Dutch: branden
- Limburgish: branje
Further reading
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “branden”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrandən/, /ˈbraːndən/
- (from OE brond) IPA(key): /ˈbrɔndən/, /ˈbrɔːndən/
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) branden, brande | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | brande | brante, branded | |
2nd-person singular | brandest | brantest, brandedest | |
3rd-person singular | brandeth | brante, branded | |
subjunctive singular | brande | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | branden, brande | branten, brante, brandeden, brandede | |
imperative plural | brandeth, brande | — | |
participles | brandynge, brandende | brant, branded, ybrant, ybranded |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: brand
References
- “brā̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.