< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sōgun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *sōg (“onion”) +‎ *-gun comparable to Proto-Mongolic *soŋ-gana (“onion”).

Nishanyan suggets that its ultimate origin is uncertain and that Middle Persian سوخ (sôx) probably comes from the same source, (whence also Old Armenian սոխ (sox)).

Brockelmann instead suggets a derivation *soy- (“to peel”) +‎ *-gun.

Noun

*sōgun

  1. onion

Declension
Declension of *sōgun
Singular 3)
Nominative *sōgun
Accusative *sōgunnï, *sōgunug 4), *sōgunnïg 1)
Genitive *sōgunnïŋ
Dative *sōgunka
Locative *sōgunta
Ablative *sōguntan
Allative *sōgungaru
Instrumental 2) *sōgunun
Equative 2) *sōgunča
Similative 2) *sōgunlayu
Comitative 2) *sōgunlugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: сухан (suh̬an)
    • → Eastern Mari: шоган (šogan)
    • → Udmurt: сугон (sugon)
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: سُوغُنْ (sōğun), سُوغَنْ (sōğan)[1]
      • Chagatai:
        • Uyghur: [script needed] (soɣan)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Tatar: суган (suğan)
      • Bashkir: һуған (huğan)
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Nogai: соган (sogan)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: согон (sogon)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: swxʾn (soɣan)
  • → Proto-Mongolic:
    • Middle Mongol: ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠠ (soɣoŋgin-a)
    • Mongolian: сонгино (songino)
      • → Manchu: ᠰᡠᠨᡤᡤᡳᠨᠠ (sunggina)
  • →? Lithuanian: svogūnas

See also
Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Arpa
Barley
 barley: *arpa
Burçak
Pea
 beans, peas: *burčak
Bodagay
Wheat
 farro, wheat: *bugday
Hünnap
Jujube
 jujube: *yidge
Çilek
Strawberry
 strawberry: *yidgelek
Alma
Apple
 apple: *almïla
Fındık
Hazelnuts
 hazelnut: *bōńurï
Ceviz
Walnuts
 walnut: *yaŋgak
Bal
Honey
 honey: *bạl
Darı
Millet
 millet: *tạrïg
Soğan
Onion
 onion: *sōgun
Tuz
Salt
 salt: *tūŕ
Yumurta
Egg
 egg: *yumurtka
Yağ
Butter
 butter: *yāg
Mantar
Mushroom
 mushroom: *kömbe
Turp
Radish
 radish: *turp, *turma
Havuç
Carrot
 carrot: *turma

References
  1. al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 409
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 409
  • Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 178
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “so:ğun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 812
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, page 296
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 425
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sogan”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “soğan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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