< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stopa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unclear; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”) (whence also *tepti (“to beat”), *stepь (“steppe”)) or *(s)temp- (“to stamp”) (whence *stǫpa (“piston, mortar”)) with irregular loss of nasalization.

Vasmer, Ivanov additionally consider potential relation to Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”) (< *sth₂- + *-op-), which has been alternatively compared with South Slavic *stopanъ (“landlord”), Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”), stapýti (“to stand still”).

Noun

*stōpà f[1][2]

  1. foot
    Synonym: *nogà
  2. footprint, footstep, trace
    Synonyms: *pętьno, *slě̑dъ, *tropъ

Inflection
Declension of *stopà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *stopà *stòpě *stopỳ
genitive *stopỳ *stopù *stòpъ
dative *stopě̀ *stopàma *stopàmъ
accusative *stopǫ̀ *stòpě *stopỳ
instrumental *stopòjǫ, *stòpǫ** *stopàma *stopàmī
locative *stopě̀ *stopù *stopàsъ, *stopàxъ*
vocative *stopo *stòpě *stopỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
noun
  • *stepenь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: стопа (stopa)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: стопа (stopa)
      Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱁⱂⰰ (stopa)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: сто̀па
      Latin script: stòpa
    • Slovene: stópa (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стопа́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стопанин”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 477
  • “stapýtis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “stopa stopy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b fod(spor) (PR 135)”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “stopa”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *stopa̋”
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