< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čędo
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Most likely of native origin:
- Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, from *(s)ken- + *-do. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”). For the suffix, compare *stado (“herd, flock”) < *stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do.
- ESSJa: *čędъ, *čęda, *čędo originally were deverbal adjectives from *čęti + *-dъ, parallel to *čętъ, *čęta, *čęto. Trubačev compares the voicing to that in Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvirtas.
- Martynov associates *čęd- with *čęstь (“part”), proposing original meaning “branch, descent” → “offspring”.
Another theory considers Proto-Slavic *čę̀do a borrowing[1] from Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą. This etymology, however, fails to explain related terms with s-mobile like Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”).
Inflection
Declension of *čę̀do (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čę̀do | *čę̀dě | *čę̀da |
| genitive | *čę̀da | *čę̀du | *čę̀dъ |
| dative | *čę̀du | *čę̀doma | *čę̀domъ |
| accusative | *čę̀do | *čę̀dě | *čę̀da |
| instrumental | *čę̀dъmь, *čę̀domь* | *čę̀doma | *čę̀dȳ |
| locative | *čę̀dě | *čę̀du | *čę̀dě̄xъ |
| vocative | *čę̀do | *čę̀dě | *čę̀da |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *čęditi
- *čędьskъ
- *čędьnъ (“pristine”) (probably)
- *bezčędьnъ (“childless”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 172: “PSl. *čędo, -a, -ъ ‘child’ (n. o-stem, f. ā-stem, m. o-stem) [ap A]”
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čędo; *čęda; *čędъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88: “n. o; f. ā; m. o (a) ‘child’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “čędo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “čẹ́den”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *čę̋do”
- https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk/?w=čado&s=exact&c=a066&cs=&d=kssj4&d=psp&d=ogs&d=sssj&d=orter&d=scs&d=sss&d=peciar&d=ssn&d=hssj&d=bernolak&d=noundb&d=orient&d=locutio&d=obce&d=priezviska&d=un&d=pskfr&d=pskcs&d=psken#
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чадо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čędo / *čęda / *čędъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
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