Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ken-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ken-[1][2][3][4][5][6]

to arise, begin

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ken-‎ (15 c, 0 e)

*ken-e-ti[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei
  - Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ *načęti (“to begin”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)[5]
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - ⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”) (possibly)
  - ⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”) (possibly)
  - Old Irish: cinid
*ken-tu-[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”) (see there for further descendants)
*kn̥-i-[6]
- >? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”)[8] (see there for further descendants)
*ken-iHnos[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas
    - Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH
    - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)
*ken-yeh₂
- Proto-Albanian: *kenjā, *kēnjā (“new skin”)
  - Albanian: qejzë, qyrë, qytë
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”) (or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂) (see there for further descendants)
*kn̥-yos[3][6]
- Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós
  - Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)
*kon-os[9]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas
  - Proto-Slavic: *konъ (see there for further descendants)
*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)[10][11]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”)[12] (or from *ḱwon-t-)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-
  - Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)
  - Brythonic: *kėnėw
    - Old Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)
      - Middle Breton: kenou
        Breton: kenow
    - Middle Welsh: ceneu
      - Welsh: cenau, cenaw
  - Old Irish: cana
    - Scottish Gaelic: cana
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Wakhi: [script needed] (skən), [script needed] (skön, “puppy”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”)[13] (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”)[4] (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: cōnor

Extensions

*ken-d-
- ⇒ *ken-di-s[14]
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis
    - Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)
      - Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь (čędĭ)
      - Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)
      - Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)
- ⇒ *ken-do-s[15]
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas
    - Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”) (see there for further descendants)
*ken-t-[3]
- ⇒ *ként-e-ti
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei > *kenstei
    - Latvian: censt
      - ⇒ censties
      - ⇒ cenšos, centos, censos
- ⇒? *ként-s
  - Proto-Italic: *kents
    - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents (prefixed with *wre-)
      - Latin: recēns (“new”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καινός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*načę̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 345
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “recēns, -ntis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 516
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ginnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ken-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ken-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 351
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kentu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kani-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*konъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 232
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ščenę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 486
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kanawon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “skund”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 582
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kenetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čędь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88: “PIE *k(e)n-di-”
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čędo; *čęda; *čędъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88: “PIE *k(e)n-do-”

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[Beekes_1-1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καινός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616

[Derksen_1-2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*načę̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 345

[De_vaan_1-3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “recēns, -ntis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 516

[Kroonen_1-4] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ginnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178

[Matasovich_1""-5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ken-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201

[Rix_1-6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ken-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 351

[Matasovich_3""-7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kentu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201

[Matasovich_4""-8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kani-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

[Derksen_4-9] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*konъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 232

[Derksen_5-10] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ščenę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 486

[Matasovich_5-11] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kanawon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

[Martirosyan_1-12] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “skund”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 582

[Matasovich_2""-13] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kenetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200

[Derksen_2-14] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čędь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88: “PIE *k(e)n-di-”

[Derksen_3-15] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čędo; *čęda; *čędъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88: “PIE *k(e)n-do-”