censties
Latvian
Etymology
Originally the reflexive form of an archaic verb censt, from Proto-Baltic *kensti, from *kent-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *ken- with an extra t, meaning “to try hard, to strive for, to hurry” from an earlier “to rise, to stretch.” The meaning of censties would thus have evolved from “to stretch oneself” to “to make an effort, to strive for.” Note, in addition to the standard forms with š (cenšos < *kentyuos), there are also dialectal forms with t (centos) and with s (censos), which explains why, alongside standard derived forms centīgs, centība, there are also parallel forms like censīgs, sacensība and censonis.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tsɛ̀nstiɛ̂s]
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Verb
censties refl., 1st conj., pres. cenšos, centies, cenšas, past centos
- to strive for, to endeavor (to make efforts to, to insist on, doing something)
- censties saprast ― to make an effort, to strive to understand
- censties kādu panākt ― to strive to catch up with someone
- visiem spēkiem censties sasniegt mērķi ― to make all efforts to reach (one's) goals
- Rūdis gulēja aizvērtām acīm un centās iemigt, skaitīdams līdz simtam un atpakaļ ― Rūdis lay down with closed eyes and tried hard to fall asleep, counting up to a hundred and back
- nē, viņa nevēlējās samierināties ar savas dzīves ēnām, nespēja un arī necentās atrast attaisnojumu Fēliksa Vildes rīcībai ― no, she did not want to be satisfied with their life's shadows, she couldn't and also didn't make an effort to find an excuse for Fēlikss Vilde's actions
Conjugation
conjugation of censties
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | cenšos | centos | centīšos | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | centies | centies | centīsies | centies |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | cenšas | centās | centīsies | lai cenšas |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | cenšamies | centāmies | centīsimies | centīsimies |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | cenšaties | centāties | centīsieties, centīsities |
centieties |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | cenšas | centās | centīsies | lai cenšas |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | cenšoties | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | — | ||
| Past | esot centies | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | cenzdamies | ||
| Future | centīšoties | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | cenšoties | ||
| Imperative | lai cenšoties | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | cenšamies | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | centies | |||
| Present | censtos | Present Passive | — | ||
| Past | būtu centies | Past Passive | — | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jācenšas | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | censties | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jācenšas | Negative Infinitive | necensties | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jācenšoties | Verbal noun | cenšanās | ||
Synonyms
- dzīties
- lauzties
- mēģināt
- pūlēties
- tīkot
- tiekties
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- pacensties
- pārcensties
- sacensties
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “censties”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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