कन्या

See also: कनिया

Hindi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā́). Doublet of कनीज़ (kanīz).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kən.jɑː/, [kɐ̃ɲ.jäː]

Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)

  1. girl
    Synonym: लड़की (laṛkī)
  2. virgin
    Synonyms: कुँआरी (kũārī), कुमारी (kumārī)
  3. daughter
    Synonyms: (rare) दुख़्तर (duxtar), पुत्री (putrī), बेटी (beṭī)

Declension
Declension of कन्या (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct कन्या
kanyā		 कन्याएँ
kanyāẽ
oblique कन्या
kanyā		 कन्याओं
kanyāõ
vocative कन्या
kanyā		 कन्याओ
kanyāo

Derived terms

Proper noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f (Urdu spelling کنیا)

  1. (astrology, astronomy) Virgo

References

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā́). Compare Old Marathi 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā).

Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f

  1. girl
    Synonym: मुलगी (mulgī)
  2. daughter
    Synonyms: मुलगी (mulgī), लेक (lek)
  3. (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
  4. (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo
  5. virgin
    Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)

Declension
Declension of कन्या (fem ā-stem)
direct
singular		 कन्या
kanyā
direct
plural		 कन्या
kanyā
singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा		 कन्या
kanyā		 कन्या
kanyā
oblique
सामान्यरूप		 कन्ये
kanye		 कन्यां-
kanyān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी		 कन्येला
kanyelā		 कन्यांना
kanyānnā
ergative कन्येने, कन्येनं
kanyene, kanyena		 कन्यांनी
kanyānnī
instrumental कन्येशी
kanyeśī		 कन्यांशी
kanyānśī
locative
सप्तमी		 कन्येत
kanyet		 कन्यांत
kanyāt
vocative
संबोधन		 कन्ये
kanye		 कन्यांनो
kanyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of कन्या (fem ā-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म		 feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		 neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		 oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन		 singular
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन		 singular*
एकवचन		 plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता		 कन्येचा
kanyeċā		 कन्येचे
kanyeċe		 कन्येची
kanyecī		 कन्येच्या
kanyecā		 कन्येचे, कन्येचं
kanyeċe, kanyeċa		 कन्येची
kanyecī		 कन्येच्या
kanyecā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता		 कन्यांचा
kanyānċā		 कन्यांचे
kanyānċe		 कन्यांची
kanyāñcī		 कन्यांच्या
kanyāncā		 कन्यांचे, कन्यांचं
kanyānċe, kanyānċa		 कन्यांची
kanyāñcī		 कन्यांच्या
kanyāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

See also
Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ) वृषभ (vŕṣabh) मिथुन (mithun) कर्क (karka)
सिंह (siuha) कन्या (kanyā) तूळ (tūḷ) वृश्चिक (vŕścik)
धनु (dhanu) मकर (makar) कुंभ (kumbha) मीन (mīn)

References
  • Berntsen, Maxine, “कन्या”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कन्या”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kʌnjä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: कन्या
  • IPA(key): [kʌnːjä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: क्aन्न्y्ā

Noun

कन्या • (kanyā) f

  1. girl
    Synonym: केटी (keṭī)
  2. virgin
    Synonym: कुमारी (kumārī)
  3. (astronomy) The constellation Virgo
  4. (astrology) A virgo

See also
Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ) वृष (vr̥ṣ) मिथुन (mithuna) कर्कट (karkaṭ)
सिंह (siṅha) कन्या (kanyā) तुला (tulā) वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik)
धनु (dhanu) मकर (makar) कुम्भ (kumbha) मीन (mīna)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • কন্যা (Assamese script)
  • ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
  • কন্যা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰎𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ကနျာ (Burmese script)
  • કન્યા (Gujarati script)
  • ਕਨ੍ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌕𑌨𑍍𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦏꦤꦾꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂍𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಕನ್ಯಾ (Kannada script)
  • កន្យា (Khmer script)
  • ກນ຺ຍາ (Lao script)
  • കന്യാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡬᠠᠨᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᢉᠠᠨᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦮𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
  • କନ୍ଯା (Odia script)
  • ꢒꢥ꣄ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆑𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖎𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • කන්‍යා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩜𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚊𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
  • கந்யா (Tamil script)
  • కన్యా (Telugu script)
  • กนฺยา (Thai script)
  • ཀ་ནྱཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒏𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨋𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanyáH (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaniiā, “maiden”), Middle Persian [script needed] (knykʿ /⁠kanīg⁠/) (whence Persian کنیز (kaniz)), Latin re-cēns (“recent; fresh; young”), Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).

Pronunciation

Noun

कन्या • (kanyā̀) stem, f (metrical Vedic kaníyā)

  1. maiden, virgin, unmarried girl
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.09:
      क॒न्या॑ इव वह॒तुमेत॒वा उ॑ अ॒ञ्ज्य॑ञ्जा॒ना अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि ।
      kanyā̀ iva vahatúmétavā́ u añjyàñjānā́ abhí cākaśīmi.
      As maidens dock themselves with gay adornment to join the bridal feast, I now behold them.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
  2. a daughter
  3. (astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo
  4. the female of any animal
  5. name of Durga
  6. (botany) name of a tuberous plant growing in Kashmir
  7. rubble aloe, mitre aloe (Aloe perfoliata)
  8. name of several other plants
  9. (prosody) name of a metre (of four lines, each of them containing four long syllables)

Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of कन्या (kanyā̀)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative कन्या
kanyā̀		 कन्ये
kanyè		 कन्याः
kanyā̀ḥ
Vocative कन्ये
kánye		 कन्ये
kánye		 कन्याः
kányāḥ
Accusative कन्याम्
kanyā̀m		 कन्ये
kanyè		 कन्याः
kanyā̀ḥ
Instrumental कन्यया / कन्या¹
kanyàyā / kanyā̀¹		 कन्याभ्याम्
kanyā̀bhyām		 कन्याभिः
kanyā̀bhiḥ
Dative कन्यायै
kanyā̀yai		 कन्याभ्याम्
kanyā̀bhyām		 कन्याभ्यः
kanyā̀bhyaḥ
Ablative कन्यायाः / कन्यायै²
kanyā̀yāḥ / kanyā̀yai²		 कन्याभ्याम्
kanyā̀bhyām		 कन्याभ्यः
kanyā̀bhyaḥ
Genitive कन्यायाः / कन्यायै²
kanyā̀yāḥ / kanyā̀yai²		 कन्ययोः
kanyàyoḥ		 कन्यानाम्
kanyā̀nām
Locative कन्यायाम्
kanyā̀yām		 कन्ययोः
kanyàyoḥ		 कन्यासु
kanyā̀su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms
  • अकन्या (ákanyā)
  • कन्याग्रहण (kanyāgrahaṇa, “taking a girl in marriage”)
  • कन्याट (kanyāṭa, “following after young girls”)
  • कन्यात्व (kanyātva, “virginity”)
  • कन्यादातृ (kanyādātṛ, “man who gives a daughter in marriage”)
  • कन्यादान (kanyādāna, “bestowal of a daughter in marriage”)
  • कन्याभर्तृ (kanyābhartṛ, “a daughter's husband, son-in-law”)
  • कन्याभाव (kanyābhāva, “virginity, maidenhood”)
  • कन्यार्थिन् (kanyārthin, “wanting or desiring a girl”)
  • कन्यावत् (kanyāvat, “having a daughter, father”)
  • कन्यावेदिन् (kanyāvedin, “son-in-law”)

Descendants
  • Balinese: ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬ (kanya)
  • Gandhari: 𐨐𐨎𐨙 (kaṃña)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (kaṇṇā)
  • Pali: kaññā
  • → Kannada: ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye)
  • → Burmese: ကန် (kan)
  • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: कन्या (kanyā)
    Urdu: کنیا (kanyā)
  • → Lü: ᦂᧃᦍᦱ (k̇anyaa)
  • → Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: कन्या (kanyā)
    Modi script: 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā)
  • → Telugu: కన్య (kanya)
  • → Thai: กันยา (gan-yaa)
  • → Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (kaniyā)

See also
Zodiac signs in Sanskrit (layout · text)
मेष (meṣa) ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) मिथुन (mithuna) कर्कटक (karkaṭaka)
सिंह (siṃha) कन्या (kanyā) तुला (tulā) वृश्चिक (vṛścika)
धनु (dhanu) मकर (makara) कुम्भ (kumbha) मीन (mīna)

References
  • Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कन्या”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
  • “कन्या” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 108.
  • Monier Williams (1899) “कन्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0249.
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कन्या”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 062
  • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 187
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8
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