वृषभ
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃষভ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
- বৃষভ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖၑဘ (Burmese script)
- વૃષભ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಷಭ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
- വൃഷഭ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଷଭ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
- වෘෂභ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚡 (Takri script)
- வ்ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
- వృషభ (Telugu script)
- วฺฤษภ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (arəšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Latin verrēs. Also related to ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).
Noun
वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem, m
- a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.31.5:
- त्वमग्ने वृषभः पुष्टिवर्धन उद्यतस्रुचे भवसि श्रवाय्यः।
य आहुतिं परि वेदा वषट्कृतिमेकायुरग्रे विश आविवाससि॥- tvamagne vṛṣabhaḥ puṣṭivardhana udyatasruce bhavasi śravāyyaḥ.
ya āhutiṃ pari vedā vaṣaṭkṛtimekāyuragre viśa āvivāsasi. - Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to be invoked by him who lifts the ladle up.
Well knowing the oblation with the hallowing word, uniting all who live, thou lightenest first our folk.
- tvamagne vṛṣabhaḥ puṣṭivardhana udyatasruce bhavasi śravāyyaḥ.
- त्वमग्ने वृषभः पुष्टिवर्धन उद्यतस्रुचे भवसि श्रवाय्यः।
- the chief, most excellent or eminent, lord or best among (in later language mostly at the end of a compound, or with genitive)
- (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus
- a particular drug (described as a root brought from the Himalaya mountains, resembling the horn of a bull, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹ |
वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | वृषभम् vṛṣabhám |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n |
| Instrumental | वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām |
| Locative | वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Adjective
वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem
- manly, mighty, vigorous, strong
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.8:
- प्र बभ्रवे वृषभाय श्वितीचे महो महीं सुष्टुतिमीरयामि।
नमस्या कल्मलीकिनं नमोभिर्गृणीमसि त्वेषं रुद्रस्य नाम॥- pra babhrave vṛṣabhāya śvitīce maho mahīṃ suṣṭutimīrayāmi.
namasyā kalmalīkinaṃ namobhirgṛṇīmasi tveṣaṃ rudrasya nāma. - To him the strong, great, tawny, fair-complexioned, I utter forth a mighty hymn of praises.
We serve the brilliant God with adorations, we glorify, the splendid name of Rudra.
- pra babhrave vṛṣabhāya śvitīce maho mahīṃ suṣṭutimīrayāmi.
- प्र बभ्रवे वृषभाय श्वितीचे महो महीं सुष्टुतिमीरयामि।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹ |
वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | वृषभम् vṛṣabhám |
वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n |
| Instrumental | वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām |
| Locative | वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of वृषभा (vṛṣabhā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | वृषभा vṛṣabhā́ |
वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ |
| Vocative | वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe |
वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe |
वृषभाः vṛ́ṣabhāḥ |
| Accusative | वृषभाम् vṛṣabhā́m |
वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | वृषभया / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabháyā / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभाभिः vṛṣabhā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | वृषभायै vṛṣabhā́yai |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai² |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai² |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām |
| Locative | वृषभायाम् vṛṣabhā́yām |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभासु vṛṣabhā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | वृषभम् vṛṣabhám |
वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
| Vocative | वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha |
वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe |
वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhāṇi / vṛ́ṣabhā¹ |
| Accusative | वृषभम् vṛṣabhám |
वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹ |
| Instrumental | वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t |
वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām |
वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām |
| Locative | वृषभे vṛṣabhé |
वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ |
वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
Proper noun
वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) m
- name of Daśadyu
- name of an Asura slain by Viṣṇu
- name of one of the sons of the 10th Manu
- name of a warrior
- name of a son of Kuśāgra
- name of a son of Kārtavīrya
- (Jainism) name of the first arhat of the present avasarpiṇī
- name of a mountain in girivraja
- (astronomy) name of the 28th muhūrta
- name of a river
- Mucuna pruriens
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वृषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1012.
- Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma vṛṣabhá
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