< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peyh₂-[1][2][3]

  1. to swell (with milk)
    Synonyms: *ḱewh₁-, *swelH-, *tewh₂-
  2. to be swollen, fat

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyh₂-‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *péyh₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páyHati
        • Sanskrit: पयते (payate, “to swell, fatten”)
  • *péyh₂-de-ti (de-present)[1]
    • Proto-Tocharian: *päit- (“to be swollen, fat”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-sk- (“to become swollen, fat”) (or < *péyh₂d-sḱe-ti)
        • ⇒? Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)[4] (or < *päits-ko- < *péyh₁d-s[5])
      • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-tāk
        • >? Tocharian B: pittāk (“blister, swelling”)
    • ⇒? *péyh₂d-s ~ *pih₂d-(s)-és (“pitch, resin”)
    • ⇒ *poyh₂d-o-s[1]
      • Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Proto-Samic: *puojtē (see there for further descendants)
  • *péyh₂-t ~ *pih₂-ént (athematic root aorist)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pīˀtei
      • Lithuanian: pýti (“to be come wet, become muddy, start to give milk”)
  • *pi-né-h₂-ti ~ *pi-nh₂-énti (nasal-infix present)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pináHti ~ *pinHánti
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinHáwti (“to be swollen, fat”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pi-póyh₂-e ~ *pi-pih₂-ḗr (i-reduplicated stative)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pipā́yHa (“to be swollen (with milk)”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pih₂-tó (root athematic aorist, middle only)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtá
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHtá
        • Sanskrit: पियान (píyāna, “full of, overflowing with”, ptc.med.)
  • *péyh₂-mō ~ *pih₂-mén-s[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHmā
      • Proto-Iranian: *páyHmā (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
        • →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *pejmä (“milk”)
          • Proto-Finnic: *piimä (see there for further descendants)
  • *péyh₂-o-s[6]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *péyh₂-tu ~ *piH-téw-s (“something fattening, nourishing”)
  • *pih₂-wes
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píHwas[7][8][9]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píHwas
      • Proto-Iranian: *píHwah
        • Avestan: 𐬞𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵 (pīuuah)
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (pyau, “swelling, overflowing”)
  • *pοyh₂-weh₂[10][11][1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: píeva (“meadow”)
      • Latvian: piẽva (“meadow”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pοiwā[1]
      • Ancient Greek: ποίη (poíē, “gras, meadow”), πόᾱ (póā)[12]
  • *póyh₂-mn̥ ~ *pih₂-m̥nés
    • Proto-Germanic: *faimô (“maiden, girl”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *poyh₂-ó-s[13]
    • Proto-Germanic: *fajaz, *fajjaz[13]
      • Dutch: vei (“fat, lush, fertile”) (dialectal)
  • >? *póyh₂-h₃n̥gʷ-i-s ~ *pih₂-h₃n̥gʷ-éy-s (+ *h₃éngʷn̥ (“fat, butter”)?)
    • Proto-Italic: *pīngwis[14]
      • Latin: pinguis (“fat, greasy”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pih₂-mó-s[1][15]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pīmós
    • >? Proto-Italic: *pīmos
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *oppīmos (+ *op- (“towards”))
        • Latin: opīmus (“fat, fertile, rich”) (or < opī (“power, resources”) + -mus[16]) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pih₂-nó-s, *peh₂i-nó-s[14]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pā́ˀinas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHnás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHnás
        • Sanskrit: पीन (pīna, “fat, swollen”)
  • *pih₂-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHtás
        • Sanskrit: पीत (pīta, “swollen, full”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *peiH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 464
  3. Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 272: “*pei̯h₂-”
  4. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pitke”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 412: “*pitk-”
  5. Pan, Tao (2019) “TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯₁- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 124, number 1, De Gruyter, →DOI, pages 265-278
  6. Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIE *peiH-os-”
  7. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pī́van-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 386
  8. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pivas-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 139: “lir. *píH-u̯as- steht mit alter Suffixvariation neben iir. *píH-u̯an-, *píH-u̯ar- (pī́van-/pī́var-ī-), [...] (aber ved. pīvas- stammt nicht ganz oder teilweise aus *pī́var-, trotz AiGr II 2,226, Frisk II 532).”
  9. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*píhₓu̯r̥”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 194
  10. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  11. Derksen, Rick (2015) “pieva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  12. Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 268-69
  13. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*faj(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124: “*poih₂-o-”
  14. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
  15. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “1188”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page πῑαρ
  16. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “opīmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 429-430
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