< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”), compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”).[1] Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).[2]

Noun

*pī́ts m

  1. pitch, resin
    Synonyms: *gʷétu, *sokʷós
  2. pine tree

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *pī́ts
genitive *pitsés
singular dual plural
nominative *pī́ts *pī́tsh₁(e) *pī́tses
vocative *pī́ts *pī́tsh₁(e) *pī́tses
accusative *pī́tsm̥ *pī́tsh₁(e) *pī́tsm̥s
genitive *pitsés *? *pitsóHom
ablative *pitsés *? *pitsmós
dative *pitséy *? *pitsmós
locative *pī́ts, *pī́tsi *? *pitsú
instrumental *pitséh₁ *? *pitsmís

Alternative reconstructions
  • *pik-[1][2]
  • *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és

Derived terms
  • *pī́t-k-s ~ *pit-k-és
    • Proto-Italic: *piks[3]
      • Latin: pix (“pitch, tar”) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Albanian: pisë, peshgve
        • → Baltic:[4]
        • → Proto-Brythonic: *pɨg (see there for further descendants)
        • → Proto-West Germanic: *pik (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Late Latin: picula
  • *pī́t-u-s ~ *pit-éw-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πίτῠς (pítus, “pine”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pī́tuš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pī́tuṣ
        • Sanskrit: *pī́tu
          • ⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु (pī́tudāru, “resin tree”)
  • *pits-nó-s[1][5]
    • Proto-Italic: *pīnos
      • Latin: pīnus (“pine”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂[1][6][7]
    • Proto-Albanian: *pitšā
      • Albanian: píshë (“pine tree”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *píťťa
      • Ancient Greek: πίσσα (píssa, “pitch, resin”), πίττα (pítta)
        • Greek: πίσσα (píssa)
        • Pontic Greek: πίσσα (píssa)
        • → Ge'ez: ፔሳ (pesa, “pitch, tar”), ፒሳ (pisa)
        • →? Laz: ფისა (pisa)
        • →? Mingrelian: ფირსა (pirsa)
        • →? Old Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
          • Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
            • → Armenian: փիս (pʻis), փիսի (pʻisi)
            • → Bats: ფის (pis)
            • → Ossetian: писи (pisi), песи (pesi)
        • →? Svan: ფისე (pise)
        • → Turkish: pise, pusa, püse, bise, pis, püs, pus, piz, püz, pürz (dialectal)

Descendants
  • >? Proto-Tocharian: *päits
    • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-
      • Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793
  2. Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*pik-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pix, picis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469: “PIt. *pik-; PIE *pik-; *pik-i̯a”
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015) “pikis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pīnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467: “*pit-sno-”
  6. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 282: “*pikya”
  7. Demiraj, B. (1997) “písh/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
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