< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hardijaną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hardijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *hardijō | *hardijaų | — | *hardijai | ? |
2nd singular | *hardīsi | *hardijais | *hardī | *hardijasai | *hardijaisau |
3rd singular | *hardīþi | *hardijai | *hardijaþau | *hardijaþai | *hardijaiþau |
1st dual | *hardijōs | *hardijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *hardijaþiz | *hardijaiþiz | *hardijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *hardijamaz | *hardijaim | — | *hardijanþai | *hardijainþau |
2nd plural | *hardīþ | *hardijaiþ | *hardīþ | *hardijanþai | *hardijainþau |
3rd plural | *hardijanþi | *hardijain | *hardijanþau | *hardijanþai | *hardijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *hardidǭ | *hardidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *hardidēz | *hardidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *hardidē | *hardidēdī | |||
1st dual | *hardidēdū | *hardidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *hardidēdudiz | *hardidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *hardidēdum | *hardidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *hardidēdud | *hardidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *hardidēdun | *hardidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *hardijandz | *hardidaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hardijan
- Old Norse: herða
- Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*hardjan), 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahardjan)
- → Proto-Finnic: *kärcidäk (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Samic: *kiertëtēk (see there for further descendants)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xarđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
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