-ella
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ella"
Translingual
Derived terms
Translingual terms suffixed with -ella
Catalan
Suffix
-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)
- forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form
Derived terms
Catalan terms suffixed with -ella
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-(ë)ldak, from Proto-Uralic *-le-.
Suffix
-ella (front vowel harmony variant -ellä, stem -ele-, linguistic notation -ele- or -ellA)
- Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
- käsittää (“to grasp, understand”) + -ella → käsitellä (“to handle, process”)
- muistaa (“to remember”) + -ella → muistella (“to think back, commemorate”)
- nostaa (“to lift”) + -ella → nostella (“to lift repeatedly”)
- ostaa (“to buy”) + -ella → ostella (“to shop”)
- rakastaa (“to love”) + -ella → rakastella (“to make love”)
- savuttaa (“to smoke, to produce smoke”) + -ella → savutella (“to smoke, to consume tobacco”)
Usage notes
Originally in complementary distribution with -illa, but recent coinages may use either (compare nakata → nakella, but hakata → hakkailla).
Some frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix -ia. See list of Finnish frequentative verbs for examples.
Anagrams
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫːɑ]
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elen | en -ele | 1st singular | oon -elt, oon -ellut | en oo -elt, en oo -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elet | et -ele | 2nd singular | oot -elt, oot -ellut | et oo -elt, et oo -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -eloo | ei -ele | 3rd singular | ono -elt, ono -ellut | ei oo -elt, ei oo -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elemma | emmä -ele | 1st plural | oomma -elleet | emmä oo -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -eletta | että -ele | 2nd plural | ootta -elleet | että oo -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -eloot1), -elevat2), -ellaa | evät -ele, ei -ella | 3rd plural | ovat -elleet | evät oo -elleet, ei oo -eltu |
| impersonal | -ellaa | ei -ella | impersonal | ono -eltu | ei oo -eltu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elin | en -elt, en -ellut | 1st singular | olin -elt, olin -ellut | en olt -elt, en olt -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elit | et -elt, et -ellut | 2nd singular | olit -elt, olit -ellut | et olt -elt, et olt -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -eli | ei -elt, ei -ellut | 3rd singular | oli -elt, oli -ellut | ei olt -elt, ei olt -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elimma | emmä -elleet | 1st plural | olimma -elleet | emmä olleet -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -elitta | että -elleet | 2nd plural | olitta -elleet | että olleet -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -eliit1), -elivat2), -eltii | evät -elleet, ei -eltu | 3rd plural | olivat -elleet | evät olleet -elleet, ei olt -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltii | ei -eltu | impersonal | oli -eltu | ei olt -eltu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -elisin | en -elis | 1st singular | olisin -elt, olisin -ellut | en olis -elt, en olis -ellut |
| 2nd singular | -elisit, -eliist1) | et -elis | 2nd singular | olisit -elt, olisit -ellut | et olis -elt, et olis -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -elis | ei -elis | 3rd singular | olis -elt, olis -ellut | ei olis -elt, ei olis -ellut |
| 1st plural | -elisimma | emmä -elis | 1st plural | olisimma -elleet | emmä olis -elleet |
| 2nd plural | -elisitta | että -elis | 2nd plural | olisitta -elleet | että olis -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -elisiit1), -elisivat2), -eltais | evät -elis, ei -eltais | 3rd plural | olisivat -elleet | evät olis -elleet, ei olis -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltais | ei -eltais | impersonal | olis -eltu | ei olis -eltu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | -ele | elä -ele | 2nd singular | oo -elt, oo -ellut | elä oo -elt, elä oo -ellut |
| 3rd singular | -elkoo | elköö -elko | 3rd singular | olkoo -elt, olkoo -ellut | elköö olko -elt, elköö olko -ellut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | -elkaa | elkää -elko | 2nd plural | olkaa -elleet | elkää olko -elleet |
| 3rd plural | -elkoot | elkööt -elko, elköö -eltako | 3rd plural | olkoot -elleet | elkööt olko -elleet, elköö olko -eltu |
| impersonal | -eltakkoo | elköö -eltako | impersonal | olkoo -eltu | elköö olko -eltu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | -ellen | en -elle | |||
| 2nd singular | -ellet | et -elle | |||
| 3rd singular | -elloo | ei -elle | |||
| 1st plural | -ellemma | emmä -elle | |||
| 2nd plural | -elletta | että -elle | |||
| 3rd plural | -elloot | evät -elle, ei -eltane | |||
| impersonal | -eltannoo | ei -eltane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | -ella | present | -eleva | -eltava | |
| 2nd | inessive | -ellees | past | -elt, -ellut | -eltu |
| instructive | -ellen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-elkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | -elommaa | |||
| inessive | -elomas | ||||
| elative | -elomast | ||||
| abessive | -elomata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -elomiin | |||
| partitive | -elomista, -elomist | ||||
Derived terms
Ingrian terms suffixed with -ella
Italian
Suffix
-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)
- used with female nouns to form diminutives
- Synonyms: -cella, -etta, -ina, -uzza
- busta (“envelope”) + -ella → bustarella (“small envelope, bribe”)
Derived terms
Italian terms suffixed with -ella
Anagrams
Latin
Pronunciation
- -ella: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːʲä]
- -ella: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːä]
- -ellā: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈel.laː/, [ˈɛlːʲäː]
- -ellā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːä]
Suffix
-ella
- inflection of -ellus:
- nominative/vocative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
Descendants
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