tappaa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tappadak, from Proto-Uralic *tappa-. Cognates include Erzya тапамс (tapams).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑpːɑːˣ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpːɑː
  • Syllabification(key): tap‧paa

Verb

tappaa

  1. (transitive) to kill, slay
    Synonyms: surmata, ottaa hengiltä, (idiom) laittaa kylmäksi, (idiom) päästää päiviltä
    Hänet tapettiin.
    He was killed.
  2. (dialectal, Western Finnish, transitive) to thresh
    Synonym: puida

Conjugation
Inflection of tappaa (Kotus type 56*B/kaivaa, pp-p gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tapan en tapa 1st sing. olen tappanut en ole tappanut
2nd sing. tapat et tapa 2nd sing. olet tappanut et ole tappanut
3rd sing. tappaa ei tapa 3rd sing. on tappanut ei ole tappanut
1st plur. tapamme emme tapa 1st plur. olemme tappaneet emme ole tappaneet
2nd plur. tapatte ette tapa 2nd plur. olette tappaneet ette ole tappaneet
3rd plur. tappavat eivät tapa 3rd plur. ovat tappaneet eivät ole tappaneet
passive tapetaan ei tapeta passive on tapettu ei ole tapettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tapoin en tappanut 1st sing. olin tappanut en ollut tappanut
2nd sing. tapoit et tappanut 2nd sing. olit tappanut et ollut tappanut
3rd sing. tappoi ei tappanut 3rd sing. oli tappanut ei ollut tappanut
1st plur. tapoimme emme tappaneet 1st plur. olimme tappaneet emme olleet tappaneet
2nd plur. tapoitte ette tappaneet 2nd plur. olitte tappaneet ette olleet tappaneet
3rd plur. tappoivat eivät tappaneet 3rd plur. olivat tappaneet eivät olleet tappaneet
passive tapettiin ei tapettu passive oli tapettu ei ollut tapettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tappaisin en tappaisi 1st sing. olisin tappanut en olisi tappanut
2nd sing. tappaisit et tappaisi 2nd sing. olisit tappanut et olisi tappanut
3rd sing. tappaisi ei tappaisi 3rd sing. olisi tappanut ei olisi tappanut
1st plur. tappaisimme emme tappaisi 1st plur. olisimme tappaneet emme olisi tappaneet
2nd plur. tappaisitte ette tappaisi 2nd plur. olisitte tappaneet ette olisi tappaneet
3rd plur. tappaisivat eivät tappaisi 3rd plur. olisivat tappaneet eivät olisi tappaneet
passive tapettaisiin ei tapettaisi passive olisi tapettu ei olisi tapettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. tapa älä tapa 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. tappakoon älköön tappako 3rd sing. olkoon tappanut älköön olko tappanut
1st plur. tappakaamme älkäämme tappako 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. tappakaa älkää tappako 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. tappakoot älkööt tappako 3rd plur. olkoot tappaneet älkööt olko tappaneet
passive tapettakoon älköön tapettako passive olkoon tapettu älköön olko tapettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. tappanen en tappane 1st sing. lienen tappanut en liene tappanut
2nd sing. tappanet et tappane 2nd sing. lienet tappanut et liene tappanut
3rd sing. tappanee ei tappane 3rd sing. lienee tappanut ei liene tappanut
1st plur. tappanemme emme tappane 1st plur. lienemme tappaneet emme liene tappaneet
2nd plur. tappanette ette tappane 2nd plur. lienette tappaneet ette liene tappaneet
3rd plur. tappanevat eivät tappane 3rd plur. lienevät tappaneet eivät liene tappaneet
passive tapettaneen ei tapettane passive lienee tapettu ei liene tapettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st tappaa present tappava tapettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tappaakseni tappaaksemme
2nd tappaaksesi tappaaksenne
3rd tappaakseen
tappaaksensa
 past tappanut tapettu
2nd inessive2 tappaessa tapettaessa agent3 tappama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tappaessani tappaessamme
2nd tappaessasi tappaessanne
3rd tappaessaan
tappaessansa
 negative tappamaton
instructive tappaen — 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
* The third-person singular indicative form tappaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd inessive tappamassa —
elative tappamasta —
illative tappamaan —
adessive tappamalla —
abessive tappamatta —
instructive tappaman tapettaman
4th4 verbal noun tappaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st tappamaisillani tappamaisillamme
2nd tappamaisillasi tappamaisillanne
3rd tappamaisillaan
tappamaisillansa

Derived terms
adjectives
nouns
verbs

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tappadak. Cognates include Finnish tappaa and Estonian tappa.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpːɑː/, [ˈtɑpːɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpːɑː/, [ˈtɑpːɑː]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpːɑː
  • Hyphenation: tap‧paa

Verb

tappaa

  1. (transitive) to kill
  2. (transitive) to beat
  3. (transitive) to thresh (separate grain from the straw)
Conjugation
Conjugation of tappaa (type 4/antaa, pp-p gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular tapan en tapa 1st singular oon tappant, oon tappanut en oo tappant, en oo tappanut
2nd singular tapat et tapa 2nd singular oot tappant, oot tappanut et oo tappant, et oo tappanut
3rd singular tappaa ei tapa 3rd singular ono tappant, ono tappanut ei oo tappant, ei oo tappanut
1st plural tapamma emmä tapa 1st plural oomma tappaneet emmä oo tappaneet
2nd plural tapatta että tapa 2nd plural ootta tappaneet että oo tappaneet
3rd plural tappaat1), tappavat2), tapetaa evät tapa, ei tapeta 3rd plural ovat tappaneet evät oo tappaneet, ei oo tapettu
impersonal tapetaa ei tapeta impersonal ono tapettu ei oo tapettu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular tapoin en tappant, en tappanut 1st singular olin tappant, olin tappanut en olt tappant, en olt tappanut
2nd singular tapoit et tappant, et tappanut 2nd singular olit tappant, olit tappanut et olt tappant, et olt tappanut
3rd singular tappoi ei tappant, ei tappanut 3rd singular oli tappant, oli tappanut ei olt tappant, ei olt tappanut
1st plural tapoimma emmä tappaneet 1st plural olimma tappaneet emmä olleet tappaneet
2nd plural tapoitta että tappaneet 2nd plural olitta tappaneet että olleet tappaneet
3rd plural tappoit1), tappoivat2), tapettii evät tappaneet, ei tapettu 3rd plural olivat tappaneet evät olleet tappaneet, ei olt tapettu
impersonal tapettii ei tapettu impersonal oli tapettu ei olt tapettu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular tappaisin en tappais 1st singular olisin tappant, olisin tappanut en olis tappant, en olis tappanut
2nd singular tappaisit, tappaist1) et tappais 2nd singular olisit tappant, olisit tappanut et olis tappant, et olis tappanut
3rd singular tappais ei tappais 3rd singular olis tappant, olis tappanut ei olis tappant, ei olis tappanut
1st plural tappaisimma emmä tappais 1st plural olisimma tappaneet emmä olis tappaneet
2nd plural tappaisitta että tappais 2nd plural olisitta tappaneet että olis tappaneet
3rd plural tappaisiit1), tappaisivat2), tapettais evät tappais, ei tapettais 3rd plural olisivat tappaneet evät olis tappaneet, ei olis tapettu
impersonal tapettais ei tapettais impersonal olis tapettu ei olis tapettu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular tapa elä tapa 2nd singular oo tappant, oo tappanut elä oo tappant, elä oo tappanut
3rd singular tappakoo elköö tappako 3rd singular olkoo tappant, olkoo tappanut elköö olko tappant, elköö olko tappanut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural tappakaa elkää tappako 2nd plural olkaa tappaneet elkää olko tappaneet
3rd plural tappakoot elkööt tappako, elköö tapettako 3rd plural olkoot tappaneet elkööt olko tappaneet, elköö olko tapettu
impersonal tapettakkoo elköö tapettako impersonal olkoo tapettu elköö olko tapettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular tappanen en tappane
2nd singular tappanet et tappane
3rd singular tappanoo ei tappane
1st plural tappanemma emmä tappane
2nd plural tappanetta että tappane
3rd plural tappanoot evät tappane, ei tapettane
impersonal tapettannoo ei tapettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st tappaa present tappava tapettava
2nd inessive tappajees past tappant, tappanut tapettu
instructive tappaen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (tappakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative tappamaa
inessive tappamaas
elative tappamast
abessive tappamata
4th nominative tappamiin
partitive tappamista, tappamist
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑː/, [ˈtɑpːɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑː/, [ˈtɑpˑɑː]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpɑː
  • Hyphenation: tap‧paa

Noun

tappaa

  1. inflection of tapa:
    1. partitive singular
    2. illative singular

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑː/, [ˈtɑpːɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑː/, [ˈtɑpˑɑː]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpɑː
  • Hyphenation: tap‧paa

Verb

tappaa

  1. inflection of tavata:
    1. present indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 572
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