-आ

Hindi

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɑː/, [äː]

Etymology 1

From a merger of two sources, but in both cases from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-akas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos:

Suffix

-आ • () m

  1. suffix found in many masculine nouns of both Indo-Aryan and Perso-Arabic origin
  2. forms some nouns with agentive meaning from verbs or nouns
    उचकना (ucaknā, to jump, leap) + -आ ()उचक्का (ucakkā, thief, pickpocket)
    रसोई (rasoī, kitchen) + -आ ()रसोइया (rasoiyā, chef)
  3. forms some nouns with possessive meaning
    बहु- (bahu-, multi-) + मंज़िल (manzil, storey) + -आ ()बहुमंज़िला (bahumanzilā, multi-storey) (lit. "having many storeys")
  4. forms adjectives from nouns, showing a property
    झूठ (jhūṭh, lie) + -आ ()झूठा (jhūṭhā, false, fake, liar)
    भूख (bhūkh, hunger) + -आ ()भूखा (bhūkhā, hungry, famished)
Declension

As a noun:

An an adjective:

Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -आ

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Hindi -आ (), -या (-yā), from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀤𑀕 (-idaga), -𑀇𑀅𑀬 (-iaya), -𑀇𑀬𑀬 (-iyaya), from Ashokan Prakrit -𑀇𑀢 (-ita) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -इत (-ita), the variant of -त (-ta) for seṭ roots commonly found in Later Sanskrit, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.[2] Doublet of -इत (-it) and -त (-ta). Cognate with Punjabi -ਈਆ (-īā) and distantly English -ed.

Alternative forms

  • -या (-yā) (after vowels)

Suffix

-आ • ()

  1. Marks the perfective participle
    कह (kah, say) + -आ ()कहा (kahā, said)
    देख (dekh, see) + -आ ()देखा (dekhā, seen)
Declension
Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -आ (participle)

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -आ (), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-aH, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.[3] Distantly cognate with Latin -a.

Suffix

-आ • () f

  1. forms the feminine form of the nouns
    पुष्प (puṣp, flower) + -आ ()पुष्पा (puṣpā, flower, female given name)
  2. forms feminine form of the adjectives
    हरित (harit, green) + -आ ()हरिता (haritā, green)
Declension
Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -आ (feminine)

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـه (), from Arabic ـَة (-a).

Suffix

-आ • () f

  1. forms the feminine form of some Perso-Arabic agent nouns
    साहिर (sāhir, enchanter) + -आ ()साहिरा (sāhirā, enchantress)
Declension
Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -आ (Arabic feminine)

References

  1. Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 187
  2. Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 423
  3. McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “-”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 77
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