< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Suffix

*-kos

  1. Creates deadjectival and desubstantival adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to.

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *-kos *-keh₂
genitive *-kosyo *-keh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-kos *-koh₁ *-koes
vocative *-ke *-koh₁ *-koes
accusative *-kom *-koh₁ *-koms
genitive *-kosyo *? *-koHom
ablative *-kead *? *-komos
dative *-koey *? *-komos
locative *-key, *-koy *? *-koysu
instrumental *-koh₁ *? *-kōys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-keh₂ *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂es
vocative *-keh₂ *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂es
accusative *-kām *-keh₂h₁(e) *-keh₂m̥s
genitive *-keh₂s *? *-keh₂oHom
ablative *-keh₂s *? *-keh₂mos
dative *-keh₂ey *? *-keh₂mos
locative *-keh₂, *-keh₂i *? *-keh₂su
instrumental *-keh₂h₁ *? *-keh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
vocative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
accusative *-kom *-koy(h₁) *-keh₂
genitive *-kosyo *? *-koHom
ablative *-kead *? *-komos
dative *-koey *? *-komos
locative *-key, *-koy *? *-koysu
instrumental *-koh₁ *? *-kōys

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas
    • Lithuanian: -ingas (with an /n/ infix)
    • Latvian: -īgs
    • Proto-Slavic: *-kъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *-kos
  • Proto-Germanic: *-gaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-kos
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *-kos
    • Latin: -cus (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Latin: -icus (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Albanian: *-ikā
    • Proto-Albanian: *-kā,

Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-kos not found
  • *-ikos
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas
      • Lithuanian: -ikas, -ikis
      • Proto-Slavic: *-ьcь (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-ikos
  • *-keh₂
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kāˀ
      • Proto-Slavic: *-ъka (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-akas, *-ukas
    • Proto-Slavic: *-ъkъ (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *-ingaz, *-ungō, *-ingō, *-engō (see there for further descendants)
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