네
|
네넥넦넧넨넩넪 넫넬넭넮넯넰넱 넲넳넴넵넶넷넸 넹넺넻넼넽넾넿 | |
너 ← | → 녀 |
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Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 迺 (Yale: *nay).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 네〯 (Yale: něy).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "four" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Four.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ne̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ne |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ne |
McCune–Reischauer? | ne |
Yale Romanization? | nēy |
Determiner
40 | ||
[a], [b], [c] ← 3 | 4 | 5 → [a], [b] |
---|---|---|
Native isol.: 넷 (net) Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo) Sino-Korean: 사 (sa) Hanja: 四 Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae) |
네 • (ne)
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Etymology 2
Probably from the same source as 예 (ye), plausibly *녜 (*nye) (apparently not directly attested).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ne |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ne |
McCune–Reischauer? | ne |
Yale Romanization? | ney |
Usage notes
Etymology 3
- nominative
- From Middle Korean 네〯 (ně-y).
- Equivalent to a contraction of 너 (neo, “you”) + 이 (-i, nominative case marker), which is no longer grammatically accepted.
- genitive
- From Middle Korean 네 (nèy).
- Equivalent to a contraction of 너 (neo, “you”) + 의 (-ui, genitive case marker).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ni] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [니/네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ni/ne |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ni/ne |
McCune–Reischauer? | ni/ne |
Yale Romanization? | ni/ney |
Pronoun
네 • (ne)
Usage notes
Pronoun
네 • (ne)