鼓舞

Chinese
 
convex; drum; to rouse
convex; drum; to rouse; to beat
 to dance; to wield; to brandish
trad. (鼓舞) 鼓 舞
simp. #(鼓舞) 鼓 舞
2nd round simp. 壴午

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 鼓 舞
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 公戸切 文甫切
Baxter kuX mjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuoX/ /mɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuoX/ /mioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /koX/ /mioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɔX/ /muə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /koX/ /mioX/
Wang
Li		 /kuX/ /mĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuoX/ /mi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǔ wǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gu2 mou5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鼓 舞
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gǔ wǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuX › ‹ mjuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁaʔ/ /*k.m(r)aʔ/
English drum (n. & v.) dance (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鼓 舞
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 4337 13126
Phonetic
component		 鼓 無
Rime
group		 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 古 武
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷaːʔ/ /*maʔ/
Notes 亦同皷

Verb

鼓舞

  1. to inspire; to invigorate; to cheer; to stimulate
  2. (Classical, literally) to play the drums and dance

Synonyms

Adjective

鼓舞

  1. inspiring; invigorating; stimulating

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (鼓舞):
  • → Japanese: 鼓舞(こぶ) (kobu)
  • → Korean: 고무(鼓舞) (gomu)
  • → Vietnamese: cổ vũ (鼓舞)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
鼓 舞
こ
Grade: S		 ぶ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ) • (kobu) 

  1. encouragement

Verb

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)する • (kobu suru) suru (stem 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)し (kobu shi), past 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)した (kobu shita))

  1. encourage

Conjugation
Conjugation of "鼓舞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 鼓舞し こぶし kobu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 鼓舞し こぶし kobu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 鼓舞する こぶする kobu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 鼓舞する こぶする kobu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 鼓舞すれ こぶすれ kobu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 鼓舞せよ¹
鼓舞しろ²		 こぶせよ¹
こぶしろ²		 kobu seyo¹
kobu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 鼓舞される こぶされる kobu sareru
Causative 鼓舞させる
鼓舞さす		 こぶさせる
こぶさす		 kobu saseru
kobu sasu
Potential 鼓舞できる こぶできる kobu dekiru
Volitional 鼓舞しよう こぶしよう kobu shiyō
Negative 鼓舞しない こぶしない kobu shinai
Negative continuative 鼓舞せず こぶせず kobu sezu
Formal 鼓舞します こぶします kobu shimasu
Perfective 鼓舞した こぶした kobu shita
Conjunctive 鼓舞して こぶして kobu shite
Hypothetical conditional 鼓舞すれば こぶすれば kobu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
鼓舞

Noun

鼓舞 • (gomu) (hangeul 고무)

  1. Hanja form? of 고무 (“inspiration; encouragement; cheering; uplifting of the spirit”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
鼓舞

Verb

鼓舞

  1. chữ Hán form of cổ vũ (“to cheer”).
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