足下

Chinese
foot under
simp. and trad.
(足下)		 足 下

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 足 下
Reading # 2/2 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 燭 (8) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 即玉切 胡雅切
Baxter tsjowk haeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sɨok̚/ /ɦˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siok̚/ /ɦᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siok̚/ /ɣaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡suawk̚/ /ɦaɨX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siok̚/ /ɣaX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭwok̚/ /ɣaX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯wok̚/ /ɣaX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zu xià
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zuk1 haa6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 足 下
Reading # 3/3 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zú xià
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjowk › ‹ hæX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ok/ /*ɡˁraʔ/
English foot down

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 足 下
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 17925 13445
Phonetic
component		 足 下
Rime
group		 屋 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 足 下
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsoɡ/ /*ɡraːʔ/

Noun

足下

  1. (literal) underfoot

Synonyms

Pronoun

足下

  1. (literary, polite) you

Usage notes

Used in instances where a subordinate is addressing a senior or when someone addresses a person of the same rank. Used mostly in letters.

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
足 下
あし
Grade: 1		 もと
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
足元
足許

Compound of 足 (ashi, “foot, feet”) +‎ 元 (moto, “base; foundation; origin”). Note that the moto portion can be spelled variously as 元, 下, or 許.[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) あしも​と [àshímóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ɕimo̞to̞]

Noun

足(あし)下(もと) • (ashimoto) 

  1. at one's feet, underfoot, the ground
    地震(じしん)で足下(あしもと)が揺(ゆ)れた。
    Jishin de ashimoto ga yureta.
    The ground underfoot shook from the earthquake.
    • 1999 September 23, “泥(どろ)に潜(ひそ)み棲(す)むもの [The Thing That Hides in Mud]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
      足(あし)下(もと)がドロドロと溶(と)けだしたら、こいつが現(あらわ)れる前(ぜん)兆(ちょう)だ。
      Ashimoto ga dorodoro to tokedashitara, koitsu ga arawareru zenchō da.
      When the ground starts dissolving into mud, it means that that thing is emerging as we speak.
  2. the bottom of the foot
  3. a foothold, one's footing
    この事業(じぎょう)では、足下(あしもと)を固(かた)めてから、やっと発動(はつどう)できるようになります。
    Kono jigyō de wa, ashimoto o katamete kara, yatto hatsudō dekiru yō ni narimasu.
    We will finally be able to get moving once we have established a firm footing on this project.
  4. gait, pace, step
  5. someone's surroundings, the nearby
  6. recent events
    足下(あしもと)の業績(ぎょうせき)は好調(こうちょう)に推移(すいい)している。
    Ashimoto no gyōseki wa kōchō ni suii shite iru.
    Recent earnings have been trending favourably.
  7. a post in the structure of a house: a vertical support running from the foundation to the roof joist
  8. (theater) hakama, trousers, leg coverings in general
  9. (theater) footlights in the backstage area to illuminate walkways
  10. during the rice harvest, any grain that falls at one's feet
  11. a fin, as of a fish, a seal, or similar marine animal
Synonyms
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
足 下
あ
Grade: 1		 もと
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
足元

Compound of 足 (a, “foot, feet”, older combining form of modern ashi) +‎ 元 (moto, “base; foundation; origin”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [a̠mo̞to̞]

Noun

足(あ)下(もと) • (amoto) 

  1. (archaic) at one's feet, underfoot
  2. (archaic) one's family and status, where one stands in the world
Idioms
Idioms
Synonyms
Synonyms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
足 下
そく > そっ
Grade: 1		 か
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 足下 (tsjowk hæX, literally “foot + down, beneath”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zuk1 haa6.

Pronunciation

Noun

足(そっ)下(か) • (sokka) 

  1. at one's feet, underfoot
  2. an epithet used in written correspondence to show respect to the addressee
  3. a pair of high clogs, worn in rainy weather
Synonyms
Synonyms
  • (rain clogs): 足駄(あしだ) (ashida)

Pronoun

足(そっ)下(か) • (sokka) 

  1. (formal, archaic) second-person pronoun: you
    Used to refer to someone of similar or lower status than the speaker. From the sense of being nearby in status.

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.