See also: and
U+881F, 蠟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-881F

[U+881E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8820]
U+F927, 蠟
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F927

[U+F926]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F928]

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
Simplified

Han character

(Kangxi radical 142, +15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 中戈女女女 (LIVVV), four-corner 52116, composition )

References

Chinese

trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *raːb) : semantic (insect) + phonetic (OC *rab).

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, lac), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (lac; pine), Jingpho krep (bedbug), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (bug; ant) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (wax) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • la̍h - vernacular;
  • la̍p - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter lap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lap̚/
Li
Rong
/lɑp̚/
Wang
Li
/lɑp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
laap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ lap ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.rˁap/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
English wax

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8144
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*raːb/

Definitions

  1. wax
  2. candle (Classifier: m;  m)
  3. light yellow

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 五侯蠟燭五侯蜡烛
  • 傳蠟传蜡
  • 刻蠟刻蜡
  • 口蠟口蜡
  • 吹燈拔蠟吹灯拔蜡
  • 味同嚼蠟味同嚼蜡
  • 味如嚼蠟味如嚼蜡
  • 嚼蠟嚼蜡
  • 坐蠟坐蜡
  • 寶蠟宝蜡
  • 封蠟封蜡 (fēnglà)
  • 尸蠟
  • 戒蠟戒蜡
  • 插蠟燭插蜡烛
  • 摶沙嚼蠟抟沙嚼蜡
  • 撥蠟拨蜡
  • 枯蠟枯蜡
  • 梔蠟栀蜡
  • 梔言蠟貌栀言蜡貌
  • 梔貌蠟言栀貌蜡言
  • 水蠟樹水蜡树
  • 江西蠟江西蜡 (jiāngxīlà)
  • 油蠟油蜡
  • 洋蠟洋蜡 (yánglà)
  • 洋蠟燭洋蜡烛
  • 淚蠟泪蜡
  • 焰蠟焰蜡
  • 然蠟然蜡
  • 照天蠟燭照天蜡烛
  • 燒蠟烧蜡
  • 爨蠟爨蜡
  • 畫蠟画蜡
  • 白蠟白蜡 (báilà)
  • 白蠟明經白蜡明经
  • 石蠟石蜡 (shílà)
  • 紅蠟红蜡
  • 絳蠟绛蜡
  • 綠蠟绿蜡
  • 翠蠟翠蜡
  • 興如嚼蠟兴如嚼蜡
  • 花蠟花蜡
  • 花蠟燭花蜡烛
  • 蜂蠟蜂蜡 (fēnglà)
  • 蜜蠟蜜蜡 (mìlà)
  • 蟲白蠟虫白蜡
  • 蠟丸蜡丸
  • 蠟丸兒蜡丸儿
  • 蠟丸帛書蜡丸帛书
  • 蠟丸書蜡丸书
  • 蠟丸絹書蜡丸绢书
  • 蠟丸體蜡丸体
  • 蠟人蜡人
  • 蠟人兒蜡人儿
  • 蠟像蜡像 (làxiàng)
  • 蠟兄蜡兄
  • 蠟光蜡光
  • 蠟光光蜡光光
  • 蠟兒蜡儿
  • 蠟剪蜡剪
  • 蠟千兒蜡千儿
  • 蠟嘴蜡嘴
  • 蠟圓蜡圆
  • 蠟塌蜡塌
  • 蠟子蜡子
  • 蠟屐蜡屐
  • 蠟帛書蜡帛书
  • 蠟弩牙蜡弩牙
  • 蠟彈蜡弹
  • 蠟撚蜡撚
  • 蠟書蜡书
  • 蠟本蜡本
  • 蠟板蜡板
  • 蠟染蜡染 (làrǎn)
  • 蠟查蜡查
  • 蠟梅蜡梅 (làméi)
  • 蠟楂蜡楂
  • 蠟槃蜡槃
  • 蠟槍頭蜡枪头
  • 蠟樹蜡树
  • 蠟檄蜡檄
  • 蠟沈
  • 蠟淚蜡泪
  • 蠟液蜡液
  • 蠟渣蜡渣
  • 蠟滓蜡滓
  • 蠟火蜡火
  • 蠟炬蜡炬 (làjù)
  • 蠟煤蜡煤
  • 蠟煙蜡烟
  • 蠟燈蜡灯
  • 蠟燄蜡焰
  • 蠟燭蜡烛 (làzhú)
  • 蠟燭珠蜡烛珠
  • 蠟燭花蜡烛花
  • 蠟版蜡版
  • 蠟牋蜡笺
  • 蠟珀蜡珀
  • 蠟珠蜡珠
  • 蠟療蜡疗
  • 蠟白蜡白
  • 蠟石蜡石
  • 蠟種蜡种
  • 蠟筆蜡笔 (làbǐ)
  • 蠟筆畫蜡笔画 (làbǐhuà)
  • 蠟箋蜡笺 (làjiān)
  • 蠟簽兒蜡签儿
  • 蠟糖人蜡糖人
  • 蠟紅蜡红
  • 蠟紙蜡纸 (làzhǐ)
  • 蠟絹蜡绢
  • 蠟絹畫蜡绢画
  • 蠟綵蜡彩
  • 蠟纈蜡缬
  • 蠟美人蜡美人
  • 蠟臺蜡台 (làtái)
  • 蠟花蜡花
  • 蠟花兒蜡花儿
  • 蠟茶蜡茶
  • 蠟蒂蜡蒂
  • 蠟蜂蜡蜂 (làfēng)
  • 蠟蜜蜡蜜
  • 蠟蟲蜡虫
  • 蠟蟻春蜡蚁春
  • 蠟表蜡表
  • 蠟觜蜡觜
  • 蠟詔蜡诏
  • 蠟釵子蜡钗子
  • 蠟鎗頭蜡枪头
  • 蠟面蜡面
  • 蠟面茶蜡面茶
  • 蠟鞭蜡鞭
  • 蠟香蜡香
  • 蠟鳳蜡凤
  • 蠟黃蜡黄 (làhuáng)
  • 蠟鼻蜡鼻
  • 頭蠟头蜡
  • 香蠟香蜡
  • 髮蠟发蜡 (fàlà)
  • 鯨蠟鲸蜡
  • 鳳蠟凤蜡
  • 黃蠟黄蜡
  • 黃蠟蠟黄蜡蜡
  • 點蠟幔点蜡幔

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ろう) (, wax)
  • Korean: 납(蠟) (nap, wax)

Others:

  • Mongolian: лаа (laa, candle), лав (lav, wax)
  • ? Proto-Vietic: *k-raːp (wax)
    • Vietnamese: sáp (wax; candle)
  • Zhuang: lab (candle)

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. wax
  2. candle
  3. waxy
  4. glazed

Readings

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
H
[kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji
[kanji] Extended shinjitai form of : wax; candle; waxy; glazed
Kanji reading:
ろう
(This term, , is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC lap).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448랍〮 (Yale: láp)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527밀〯 (Yale: mǐl)랍〮 (Yale: láp)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun (mil rap), South Korea (mil nap))

  1. Hanja form? of / (wax).
  2. Hanja form? of / (candle).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: rệp, lạp, sáp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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