羅剎

Borrowed from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa).

羅剎

1. (Hindu mythology, Hinduism, Buddhism) rakshasa

• 羅叉／罗叉
• 羅叉娑／罗叉娑
• 羅剎娑／罗刹娑

Phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠯᠣᠴᠠ (loca, “Russian”, noun), from Solon lōča (“Russian”, noun).

Compare modern Solon ᠯᠣᠤᠲ (loot, “Russian”, noun), ᠯᠣᠤᠴᠠ (looqa, “Russian”, noun); Daur luaaq (“Russian”, noun); Nanai лоча (loča); Evenki лӯча (lūça), Even ню̄чи (ņūci), Yakut нуучча (nuucca); Ainu ヌチャ (nuca), etc.

羅剎

1. (obsolete, derogatory) Russia

   • 據郎坦等奏，攻取羅剎甚易，發兵三千足矣。 [MSC, trad.]
     据郎坦等奏，攻取罗刹甚易，发兵三千足矣。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1689, 《平定羅剎方略》 (Strategic Narrative of the Pacification of Russia)

     Jù Lángtǎn děng zòu, gōngqǔ Luóchà shèn yì, fā bīng sān qiān zú yǐ. [Pinyin]

     According to the report of Langtan and others, it is very easy to attack and seize Russia, sending 3,000 soldiers is enough.

   • 先是，黑龍江將軍薩布素奏，驍騎校碩格色等，往探羅剎情形。 [MSC, trad.]
     先是，黑龙江将军萨布素奏，骁骑校硕格色等，往探罗刹情形。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1731, 《聖祖仁皇帝實錄》

     Xiānshì, Hēilóngjiāng jiāngjūn Sàbùsù zòu, Xiāoqíjiào Shuògésè děng, wǎng tàn Luóchà qíngxíng. [Pinyin]

     Formerly, the Heilongjiang general Sabsu presented the report: those Funde Bošokū (驍騎校), such as Šogese, went to investigate the situation of Russians.

   • 而我聖祖猶宣諭諸將，謂中國兵馬精強，器械堅利，羅剎勢不能敵，歸誠時勿殺一人，俾還故土。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     而我圣祖犹宣谕诸将，谓中国兵马精强，器械坚利，罗刹势不能敌，归诚时勿杀一人，俾还故土。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1886, 陳康祺 (Chen Kangqi), 《郎潛紀聞》

     Ér wǒ Shèngzǔ yóu xuānyù zhū jiàng, wèi Zhōngguó bīngmǎ jīngqiáng, qìxiè jiānlì, Luóchà shì bùnéng dí, guīchéng shí wù shā yīrén, bǐ huán gùtǔ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 羅剎犯我境，恃雅克薩城為巢穴，歷年已久，殺掠不已。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     罗刹犯我境，恃雅克萨城为巢穴，历年已久，杀掠不已。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1929, Zhao Erxun (lead editor), Draft History of Qing

     Luóchà fàn wǒ jìng, shì Yǎkèsà chéng wèi cháoxué, lìnián yǐjiǔ, shālüè bùyǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “羅剎” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

羅剎

1. chữ Hán form of La Sát (“rakshasa”).