| crow(s) raven(s) black |
river(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (烏江) | 烏 | 江 | |
| simp. (乌江) | 乌 | 江 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 古雙切 |
| Baxter | 'u | kaewng |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuo/ | /kˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuo/ | /kᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔo/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɔ/ | /kaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔo/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/u/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuo/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wū | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wu1 | gong1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 江 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wū | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔu › | ‹ kæwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qˁa/ | /*kˁroŋ/ |
| English | crow, raven; black | (Yangzi) river |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13077 | 3995 |
| Phonetic component |
烏 | 工 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
烏 | 江 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qaː/ | /*kroːŋ/ |