滅亡

See also: 灭亡

Chinese

		extinguish	to die; to perish
trad. (滅亡)		滅	亡
simp. (灭亡)		灭	亡

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mièwáng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mit⁶ mong⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): me̍t-mòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bia̍t-bông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mièwáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mièwáng
  - Wade–Giles: mieh⁴-wang²
  - Yale: myè-wáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miehwang
  - Palladius: меван (mevan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mit⁶ mong⁴
  - Yale: miht mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mit⁹ mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mid⁶ mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːt̚² mɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t-mòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: med mongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: med⁶ mong²
  - Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵ moŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t-bông
  - Tâi-lô: bia̍t-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biadboong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛt̚²⁴⁻² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: mjiet mjang

Rime
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (81)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	亡列切	武方切
Baxter	mjiet	mjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇt̚/	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛt̚/	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæt̚/	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miat̚/	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/miɛt̚/	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭɛt̚/	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛt̚/	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miè	wáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mit⁶	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]et maŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*med maŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miè	wáng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiet ›	‹ mjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]et/	/*maŋ/
English	destroy	flee; disappear; die
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13942	12662
Phonetic component	戌	亡
Rime group	月	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	滅	亡
Old Chinese	/*med/	/*maŋ/
Notes	烕轉註

Verb

滅亡

(intransitive) to be destroyed; to become extinct; to die out
走向滅亡／走向灭亡 ― zǒuxiàng mièwáng ― to be on the road to ruin
(transitive) to destroy; to annihilate; to exterminate

Synonyms

(to be destroyed):

亡
湮沒／湮没 (yānmò)
覆亡 (fùwáng) (literary)
覆沒／覆没 (fùmò)
覆滅／覆灭 (fùmiè)

(to destroy):

亡
剪除 (jiǎnchú)
埋葬 (máizàng) (literary, figuratively)
打掉 (dǎdiào)
撲滅／扑灭 (pūmiè)
收拾 (colloquial)
根除 (gēnchú)
殲滅／歼灭 (jiānmiè)
殺滅／杀灭 (shāmiè)
毀滅／毁灭 (huǐmiè)
泯絕／泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
消滅／消灭 (xiāomiè)
滅殺／灭杀 (mièshā)
滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
絕滅／绝灭 (juémiè)
翦除 (jiǎnchú) (literary)
解決／解决 (jiějué)
討滅／讨灭 (tǎomiè) (literary)

Derived terms

自取滅亡／自取灭亡 (zìqǔmièwáng)

Related terms

消失 (xiāoshī)
消亡 (xiāowáng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (滅亡):

→ Japanese: 滅亡(めつぼう) (metsubō)
→ Korean: 멸망(滅亡) (myeolmang)
→ Vietnamese: diệt vong (滅亡)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
滅	亡
めつ Grade: S	ぼう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めつぼー [mètsúbóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [me̞t͡sɨᵝbo̞ː]

Noun

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう) • (metsubō)

Synonyms

消滅(しょうめつ) (shōmetsu)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “death”): 成立, 勃興

Verb

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)する • (metsubō suru) intransitive suru (stem 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)し (metsubō shi), past 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)した (metsubō shita))

to die, to perish
to die out, to become extinct

Conjugation

Conjugation of "滅亡する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	滅亡し	めつぼうし	metsubō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	滅亡し	めつぼうし	metsubō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	滅亡する	めつぼうする	metsubō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	滅亡する	めつぼうする	metsubō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	滅亡すれ	めつぼうすれ	metsubō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	滅亡せよ¹ 滅亡しろ²	めつぼうせよ¹ めつぼうしろ²	metsubō seyo¹ metsubō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	滅亡される	めつぼうされる	metsubō sareru
Causative	滅亡させる滅亡さす	めつぼうさせるめつぼうさす	metsubō saseru metsubō sasu
Potential	滅亡できる	めつぼうできる	metsubō dekiru
Volitional	滅亡しよう	めつぼうしよう	metsubō shiyō
Negative	滅亡しない	めつぼうしない	metsubō shinai
Negative continuative	滅亡せず	めつぼうせず	metsubō sezu
Formal	滅亡します	めつぼうします	metsubō shimasu
Perfective	滅亡した	めつぼうした	metsubō shita
Conjunctive	滅亡して	めつぼうして	metsubō shite
Hypothetical conditional	滅亡すれば	めつぼうすれば	metsubō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
滅	亡

Noun

滅亡 • (myeolmang) (hangeul 멸망)

Hanja form^? of 멸망 (“extinction”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
滅	亡

Verb

滅亡

chữ Hán form of diệt vong (“to perish; to be destroyed”).

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