殷勤

See also: 慇勤 and 慇懃

Chinese

		surname; dynasty; flourishing surname; dynasty; flourishing; roll of thunder; dark red	diligent; frequent
trad. (殷勤/慇勤/慇懃)		殷/慇	勤/懃
simp. (殷勤)		殷	勤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīnqín

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ kan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-khiùn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): un-khûn / in-khûn / in-khîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīnqín
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yincín
  - Wade–Giles: yin¹-chʻin²
  - Yale: yīn-chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inchyn
  - Palladius: иньцинь (inʹcinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    慇勤／殷勤
    殷勤
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan¹ kan⁴
  - Yale: yān kàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ kan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ ken⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ kʰɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-khiùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: in´ kiunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ kiun²
  - Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ kʰi̯un¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-khiùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´ kiunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ kiun²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ kʰi̯un¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un-khûn
  - Tâi-lô: un-khûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: unquun
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³ kʰun²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴⁻²² kʰun²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-khûn
  - Tâi-lô: in-khûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: inquun
  - IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰun²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-khîn
  - Tâi-lô: in-khîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: inqiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰin²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² kʰin¹³/

Middle Chinese: 'j+n gj+n

Rime
Character	殷	勤
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於斤切	巨斤切
Baxter	'j+n	gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨn/	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨn/	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiən/	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨn/	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ʔiən/	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ĭən/	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ən/	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan¹	kan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔə[r] [ɡ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯn ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殷	殷	勤
Reading #	2/4	3/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn	yīn	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjɨn ›	‹ ʔjɨn ›	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔə[r]/	/*ʔə[r]/	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	殷殷 distressed	ample, many	toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殷	勤
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	15232	6749
Phonetic component	殷	堇
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	殷	勤
Old Chinese	/*qɯn/	/*ɡɯn/

Adjective

殷勤

eagerly attentive; earnest; courteous; sincere; diligent
- 吾正欲使孔明知我殷勤之意。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: c. 1330 - 1400, 羅貫中 (Luo Guanzhong), 《三國演義》 (Romance of the Three Kingdoms), chapter 37
  Wú zhèng yù shǐ Kǒngmíng zhī wǒ yīnqín zhī yì. [Pinyin]
  I would like to make known to Kongming my earnest intentions.
- 殷勤，不可懶惰；要心裏火熱，常常服事主。 [MSC, trad.]
  殷勤，不可懒惰；要心里火热，常常服事主。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 羅馬書 (Romans) 12:11
  Yīnqín, bùkě lǎnduò; yào xīnlǐ huǒrè, chángcháng fúshì Zhǔ. [Pinyin]
  [I]n diligence not slothful; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord[.] (Revised Version)
- 多謝神，感動提多的心，叫他待你們殷勤，像我一樣。 [MSC, trad.]
  多谢神，感动提多的心，叫他待你们殷勤，像我一样。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 哥林多後書 8:16
  Duōxiè Shén, gǎndòng Tíduō de xīn, jiào tā dài nǐmen yīnqín, xiàng wǒ yīyàng. [Pinyin]
  But thanks be to God, which putteth the same earnest care for you into the heart of Titus. (Revised Version)

Synonyms

熱心／热心 (rèxīn)
熱忱／热忱 (rèchén)
熱情／热情 (rèqíng)
熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
熱烈／热烈 (rèliè)
熾熱／炽热 (chìrè)

Derived terms

加二殷勤
殷殷勤勤
獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
殷	勤

Adjective

殷勤

chữ Hán form of ân cần.

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