朝三暮四

Chinese

morning three
 
evening; dusk; sunset
evening; dusk; sunset; (of time) late; closing
four
trad. (朝三暮四)
simp. #(朝三暮四)
alternative forms 朝四暮三
暮四朝三
Literally: “three in the morning, and four in the evening”.

Etymology

From a parable seen in both Zhuangzi (see quote below) and Liezi.

:「。」:「。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
:「。」:「。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
Jū gōng fù xù, yuē: “Zhāo sān ér mù sì.” Zhòng jū jiē nù. Yuē: “Rán zé zhāo sì ér mù sān.” Zhòng jū jiē yuè. [Pinyin]
There was a man who kept monkeys as pets. While feeding chestnuts to the monkeys, he said, "[I will feed you] three [chestnuts] in the morning, and four in the evening." The monkeys all went angry. The man later said, "How about four in the morning, and three in the evening?" The monkeys all became happy.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/2 1/1 1/1
Initial () (9) (16) (4) (16)
Final () (92) (143) (23) (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division () III I I III
Fanqie
Baxter trjew sam muH sijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈˠiᴇu/ /sɑm/ /muoH/ /siɪH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈᵚiɛu/ /sɑm/ /muoH/ /siH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶiæu/ /sɑm/ /moH/ /sjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈiaw/ /sam/ /mɔH/ /siH/
Li
Rong
/ȶjɛu/ /sɑm/ /moH/ /siH/
Wang
Li
/ȶĭɛu/ /sɑm/ /muH/ /siH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȶi̯ɛu/ /sɑm/ /muoH/ /siH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhāo sān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ziu1 saam1 mou6 si3

Idiom

朝三暮四

  1. (original meaning, obsolete) to deceive using tricks; to take in someone
  2. (now more commonly, derogatory) to change one's mind frequently; to blow hot and cold; to be fickle or capricious

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朝三暮四):

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ちょう
Grade: 2
さん
Grade: 1

Grade: 6

Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

Derived from, and now a false friend of Chinese 朝三暮四 (zhāosānmùsì).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ちょーさんぼ [chòósáńbóꜜshì] (Nakadaka – [5])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːsã̠mbo̞ɕi]

Noun

(ちょう)(さん)()() • (chōsanboshi) てうさんぼし (teusanbosi)?

  1. a focus on cosmetic differences between two objects without realizing that they are substantively identical, distinction without a difference
  2. the act of deceiving a person

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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