應當

See also: 应当

Chinese

		to answer; to respond; ought	to act as; represent; equal to act as; represent; equal; should; fitting; suitable; adequate; proper; replace; to be; to hold a position; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; match equally; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at
trad. (應當)		應	當
simp. (应当)		应	当
anagram		當應／当应

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīngdāng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥㄉㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹ dong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yin-tông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): èng-tong

(Teochew, Peng'im): êng³ deng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīngdāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥㄉㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yingdang
  - Wade–Giles: ying¹-tang¹
  - Yale: yīng-dāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ingdang
  - Palladius: индан (indan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing¹ dong¹
  - Yale: yīng dōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹ dong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying¹ dong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yin-tông
  - Hakka Romanization System: in dong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin⁴ dong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /in⁵⁵ toŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yin-tông
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in dong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin⁴ dong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in⁵⁵ toŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: èng-tong
  - Tâi-lô: ìng-tong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eangdofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êng³ deng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: èng tṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ³³/

Verb

應當

ought to; should (used as an auxiliary verb)
與人相處不應懷著自掃門前雪的心態，應當彼此關懷，互相幫助。 [MSC, trad.]
与人相处不应怀着自扫门前雪的心态，应当彼此关怀，互相帮助。 [MSC, simp.]
Yǔ rén xiāngchǔ bù yīng huái zhe zì sǎo ménqián xuě de xīntài, yīngdāng bǐcǐ guānhuái, hùxiāng bāngzhù. [Pinyin]
When relating to others, one should not have an attitude of merely worrying about one's own affairs — we should care for and help one another.
(law) must[1]

Synonyms

(ought to):

合該／合该 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
在得 (zai⁴ de⁶) (Xiang)
好通 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
宜 (yí)
徑須／径须 (jìngxū) (literary)
應／应 (yīng)
應該／应该 (yīnggāi)
會／会 (literary)
會須／会须 (huìxū) (literary)
理合 (lǐhé) (literary)
理應／理应 (lǐyīng)
理當／理当 (lǐdāng)
當／当 (literary)
直須／直须 (zhíxū) (literary)
相應／相应 (xiāngyīng) (archaic)
該／该 (gāi)
該當／该当 (gāidāng)

(must):

務必／务必 (wùbì)
務期／务期 (wùqī) (literary)
務須／务须 (wùxū)
定著 (tiānn-tio̍h) (Min Nan)
得 (děi) (colloquial)
必得
必須／必须 (bìxū)
煞著 (Hokkien)
著愛／著爱 (tio̍h-ài) (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
非得 (fēiděi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (應當):

→ Korean: 응당(應當) (eungdang)

Other:

→ Zhuang: wngdang

References

Cao, Deborah [曹菡艾] (2004) “'Ought to' as a Legal Performative [德與法]”, in Chinese Law: A Language Perspective [説法]‎, Routledge, published 2016, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 59:
This lends support to the view that yingdang has a legal usage, not entirely identical to its general use. Besides, bixu as the direct Chinese equivalent to 'shall' does not seem to carry more legal weight or have any material difference as compared to yingdang. Bixu and yingdang seem to be identical in the Chinese legal language.

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