延

延 U+5EF6, 延
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EF6
← 廵
[U+5EF5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 廷 →
[U+5EF7]

Translingual
Stroke order
Japanese
and
traditional Chinese

(In mainland China,
strokes 4 and 5
merge
into a single L-shaped stroke;
also,
stroke 7
becomes
a continuation
of stroke 6.)

Han character

延 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+5 in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 廴+4 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓大竹卜一 (NKHYM) or 弓大竹卜女 (NKHYV), four-corner 12401, composition ⿺廴⿳丿⺊𠃊(GK) or ⿺廴⿱丿止(HTJ) or ⿺廴⿳一⺊𠃊(V) or ⿺廴⿱⿰丅一𠃊(V)) (Note: The Simplified Chinese version of the component 𠂛 is referred to as 延字心 (yánzìxīn) in Mandarin.)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 352, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9569
  • Dae Jaweon: page 666, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5EF6

Chinese
trad. 延
simp. # 延
2nd round simp. 𨒂
alternative forms 𨒌

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (延) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唌 *l'aːn
誕 *l'aːnʔ
蜑 *l'aːnʔ
蛋 *l'aːns
硟 *slan, *l̥ʰjans
涎 *ljan, *lans
脠 *l̥ʰan, *hljan
梴 *l̥ʰan
鋋 *ɦljan, *lan
埏 *hljan, *lan
挻 *hljan
鯅 *hljan
延 *lan, *lans
筵 *lan
蜒 *lan
狿 *lan, *lans
郔 *lan
綖 *lan
莚 *lan, *lans

Originally 㢟, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“walking”) + 止 (“foot”) – "to travel far". The stroke at the top started being added as a distinguishing mark at the end of the Warring States period, as a way to distinguish its usage from 㢟 as an adverb to mean "prolonged", making it an Ideogram (指事) .[1][2][3]

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan, *lans) : phonetic 丿 (OC *pʰleːd, *leds) + semantic 㢟.

  1. 季旭昇，2004《說文新證》，台北：藝文印書館印行，2014年9月第二版。p.137-138
  2. 李學勤) (2012) 《字源》, Tianjin: 天津古籍出版社。p.142-143
  3. 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) - 字頭 「延」

Etymology

Within Chinese, cognate with 筵 (OC *lan, “bamboo mat”), 梴 (OC *l̥ʰan, “long (of wood)”) and 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “wide; ludicrous”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese လှန်း (hlan:, “to dry (things) in the sun”). Probably unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *jaːr (“spread; extend; sail”), whence Tibetan གཡོར་མོ (g.yor mo, “sail”), Mizo zâr (“to spread; to spread out”), Jingpho yàn (“spread; unrolled”).

Pan (1987) suggests Vietnamese lan (“to spread”) is borrowed from Old Chinese 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhiân - vernacular;
  • iân - literary.
    Note:
    • iang6 - Shantou;
    • iêng6 - Chaozhou.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6yi
          • MiniDict: yi去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhi
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
Rime
Character 延 延
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 仙 (77) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 以然切 于線切
Baxter yen yenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇn/ /jiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛn/ /jiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæn/ /jænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jian/ /jianH/
Li
Rong		 /iɛn/ /iɛnH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛn/ /jĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛn/ /i̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jin4 jin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 延
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*la[n]/
English extend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 延 延
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 14256 14267
Phonetic
component		 延 延
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 延
Old
Chinese		 /*lan/ /*lans/

Definitions

延

  1. to prolong
  2. to stretch; to extend
  3. to engage; to send for
  4. to delay; to postpone; to defer
  5. a surname

Compounds

Japanese
Shinjitai 延
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3][4]
延󠄂
延+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
延󠄅
延+&#xE0105;?
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
延

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
延
えん
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 延 (MC yen).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

延(えん) • (en) 

  1. extend, lengthen
  2. prolong
  3. postpone

References
  1. “延”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “延”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  3. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 798 (paper), page 449 (digital)
  4. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 506 (paper), page 266 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

延 (eumhun 늘일 연 (neuril yeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 연 (“to stretch; to extend; to lengthen”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

延: Hán Nôm readings: diên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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