坩

坩	U+5769, 坩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5769

← 坨
[U+5768]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坪 →
[U+576A]

Translingual

Han character

坩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一 (GTM), four-corner 4417₀, composition ⿰土甘)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4975

Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 33

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 429, character 12

Unihan data for U+5769

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	sɡaːmʔ, kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	kaːm, kʰaːm
蚶	ɢaːm, ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	ɡaːm, ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	ɡram, ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		坩
alternative forms		㽍

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham¹
  - Yale: hām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰã⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kham

Rime
Character	坩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦甘切
Baxter	kham
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰam/
Li Rong	/kʰɑm/
Wang Li	/kʰɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坩
Reading #	2/2
No.	3657
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	坩
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːm/

Definitions

坩

earthenware

Compounds

飯坩／饭坩 (pn̄g-khaⁿ) (Min Nan)

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		坩

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹, kim⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham¹, kim⁴
  - Yale: hām, kìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹, kim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem¹, kim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/, /kʰiːm²¹/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坩
Reading #	1/2
No.	3656
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘堝之甘今字

Definitions

坩

Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō).

References

“Entry #3716”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

坩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

jar, pot

Readings

Go-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坩)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)

earthenware, earthenware vessel

Vietnamese

Han character

坩: Hán Nôm readings: cam

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References

Nom Foundation

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