ḫr

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: kher

1. in the presence of
2. into the presence of, to
3. by, through the choice or presence of

This preposition is used when the object is someone of higher status, such as a king or a god, relating one person to another when social customs prohibit specifying a direct relationship. Thus, one does not speak ‘to’ (n) a god, but ‘in the presence of’ (ḫr) him.

• Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲁ- (ha-), ϩⲁⲣⲟ⸗ (haro⸗)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲁ- (ha-), ϩⲁⲣⲟ⸗ (haro⸗)

 proclitic

1. (with following subjunctive or nonverbal predicate) then, and then, so; introduces a subordinate clause describing the inevitable result of an action in a preceding clause
2. (with following suffix pronoun/subject and imperfective) must, has to; introduces a subordinate clause describing a necessity
3. (introducing a prepositional phrase) then; also functions as a converter to allow a prepositional phrase to begin a sentence

In Middle Egyptian this particle is commonly used with a following subject and imperfective to denote necessity but only rarely with a following subjunctive to denote inevitable result.

• .ḫr

Possibly derived from ḫrw (“voice”).

 quotative

1. (with following suffix pronoun, and optionally also noun, indicating the speaker) marks a non-future direct quotation; says, said

Like the other quotatives kꜣ, jn, and ḫrw.fj, this word either follows the entire quotation that it marks or is inserted near its start (but never at its start).

• ḫrw.fj

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to fall
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 21–22:

     mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j).f ḫr n qn.f

     To the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary, fallen through his (own) violence.

2. (transitive) to fell

• sḫr

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 88–89, 195, 273, 319–320.