مهر

Common West Semitic term; compare Ugaritic 𐎎𐎅𐎗 (mhr), Old South Arabian 𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩩 (mhrt, “wealth, possessions, commodities, goods”), Biblical Hebrew מָהַר (mahar, “to acquire by exchange, to barter, to purchase”), Biblical Hebrew מֹהַר (mṓhar, “bridal payment, purchasing price”), Classical Syriac ܡܗܪܐ (“bride-price”), Nabataean 𐢓𐢇𐢛 (mohar). Uncertain connection to highly productive Akkadian 𒈠𒄩𒀸 (maḫārum, “to face or meet; to accept, to receive; to conduct; to do business, to shift commodities, to transact; to accept valuables, staples, or persons; to take in or collect offers, to take in women by dowries”) and Soqotri móḥor (“to offer”), as the sound change complicates the semantic overlaps. Comparison to Middle Persian mtr' (/⁠mihr⁠/, “contract, bond”) is fundamentally coincidental.

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I, non-past يَمْهُرُ or يَمْهَرُ‎ (yamhuru or yamharu)

1. to settle a dowry for (one's wife, etc.)

مَهْر • (mahr) m (plural مُهُور (muhūr))

1. verbal noun of مَهَرَ (mahara) (form I)
2. dowry, dower, marriage portion
3. price
4. contracting

• Gulf Arabic: مهر (mahar, “dowry”)
• → Middle Armenian: մահր (mahr)
• → English: mahr
• → Swahili: mahari

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwdl), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”), and denominal verb.

مُهْر • (muhr) m

1. seal; signet; stamp

• → Swahili: muhuri

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I, non-past يَمْهَرُ‎ (yamharu)

1. to stamp, to imprint

مَهْر • (mahr) m (plural مُهُور (muhūr))

1. verbal noun of مَهَرَ (mahara) (form I)
2. sealing; stamping

• مُهْرَدَار (muhradār)
• مُهْرَق (muhraq)

From Proto-Semitic *mahir-/*marw- (“(young) man; still fast and physically useful”), possibly further Proto-Afroasiatic *ma(hi)r- (“servant, slave”), potentially related to Arabic مَرْء (marʔ). Compare Akkadian 𒌉 (mārum, “young man, son; subordinate, deployable man, service man, usable worker, hireling for a service”), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎅𐎗 (mhr, “warrior, man, troop; skilled, expert, trained; exceptional, faster, better, or heroic”), Sabaean 𐩩𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩩 (tmhrt, “contingent of Bedouin mercenaries; specialty troops, proficient at handling camels and desert warfare”), Aramaic מהר, Hebrew מָהִיר, Hebrew מַהֵר, Phoenician 𐤌𐤄𐤓 (mhr), Classical Syriac ܡܗܪ (“to instruct, to be instructed, to learn, to excel”), Ge'ez ምሁረ (məhurä /⁠məhur⁠/, “trained”).

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I, non-past يَمْهُرُ or يَمْهَرُ‎ (yamhuru or yamharu)

1. to be skilled or skillful
2. to be proficient
3. to be trained, expert especially at handling

From Proto-Semitic *muhr-.

مُهْر • (muhr) m (plural أَمْهَار (ʔamhār) or مِهَارَة (mihāra), feminine مُهْرَة (muhra))

1. foal, colt

The first sense borrowed from Arabic مَهْر (mahr, “dowry”), from the verb مَهَرَ (mahara, “to contract, to give a dowry”); see above. The remaining senses inherited from Middle Persian mtr' (mihr, “bond, contract”), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mithra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Iranian *miθráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra) and the above for a possible layer of phono-semantic matching with the Semitic root regarding business contracts and reception.

مَهْر • (mahr) (plural مهرها (mahr-hâ))

1. (Islam) Mahr, dowry, bride-price or gift; a pre-negotiated gift of monetary or symbolic value which is promised to a bride by a groom upon marriage.
2. contracting
3. contract
4. covenant

• مهریه (mahriye)

From Middle Persian mtr' (Mihr), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra), Ancient Greek μεσίτης (mesítēs).

مِهْر • (mehr)

1. kindness
2. love
3. affection
4. friendship
5. mercy
6. sympathy
7. prosperity

• مهربان (mehrabân)
• مهربانی (mehrabâni)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਹਰ (mihar)

  Shahmukhi script: مہر (mihr)

مِهْر • (mehr)

1. Mehr, the seventh month of the solar Persian calendar.
2. Name of the sixteenth day of any month of the solar Persian calendar.
3. the Sun
   • 1990, “سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران”, performed by Hassan Riyahi & Sayed Bagheri:

     سر زد از افق مهر خاوران

     Sar zad az ofoq mehre xâvarân

     Upwards on the horizon rises the eastern sun

4. (Zoroastrianism) Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.

• مهرگان (mehregân)

• مهرآباد (mehr-âbâd)
• مهرداد (mehrdâd)

• → Armenian: Մհեր (Mher)

• مهر on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^fa
• (مهر (ماه on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^fa

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwdl), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”) (compare Parthian 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”), and Bactrian μολρο (molro)); possibly cognate with words above, otherwise from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /⁠musar⁠/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”); cf. the many descendants of Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet; cylinder seal”) including دیوان (divân), دف (daf), دفتر (daftar), Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), طُوب (ṭūb), طَابَع (ṭābaʕ), ذَبْر (ḏabr, “a writing on palm-leaves, a book”), ذَبَرَ (ḏabara, “to write, to point; to read thoroughly; to understand well”).

مُهر

مُهْر • (mohr) (plural مهرها (mohr-hâ))

1. seal
2. impression
3. stamp
4. (Shia Islam) A prayer-stone, sometimes made from clay from Karbala or Mashhad, which is placed on the ground in front of the worshipper and onto which the forehead is touched during prayer; also known as a turba.

• مهر زدن (mohr zadan)
• مهر کردن (mohr kardan)
• مهر و موم (mohr-o-mum)

• مهره (mohre)

• → Azerbaijani: möhür
• → Ossetian: мыхуыр (myx°yr)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مهر (mühr, mühür)
  • Turkish: mühür
  • → Bulgarian: муху́р (muhúr)
  • → Macedonian: мухур (muhur)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: му̏хур

    Latin script: mȕhūr

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਹਰ (mohar)

  Shahmukhi script: مہر (mohr)

• → Tatar: мөһер (möher)

• (مهر (نماز on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^fa