मित्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /mɪt̪.ɾᵊ/

Noun

मित्र • (mitra) m (feminine मित्रा, Urdu spelling متر)

  1. male friend
    मैंने एक मित्र से अपना सामान मँगवाया।
    ma͠ine ek mitra se apnā sāmān maṅgvāyā.
    I got a friend to bring my luggage.
    मेरे मित्र ने मुझे ठगा है।
    mere mitra ne mujhe ṭhagā hai.
    My friend has duped me.
  2. ally
    दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध में, इंग्लैंड अमरीका का पक्का मित्र था।
    dūsre viśvayuddh mẽ, iṅglaiṇḍ amrīkā kā pakkā mitra thā.
    During the Second World War, England was America's staunch ally.

Declension
Declension of मित्र (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct मित्र
mitra		 मित्र
mitra
oblique मित्र
mitra		 मित्रों
mitrõ
vocative मित्र
mitra		 मित्रो
mitro

Synonyms

Further reading
  • Bahri, Hardev (1989) “मित्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Noun

मित्र • (mitra) ?

  1. friend
  2. the sun

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Pronunciation

Noun

मित्र • (mitra)

  1. friend
  2. companion

Derived terms

See also

Sanskrit

Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
  • মিত্ৰ (Assamese script)
  • ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
  • মিত্র (Bengali script)
  • 𑰦𑰰𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • မိတြ (Burmese script)
  • મિત્ર (Gujarati script)
  • ਮਿਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌮𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
  • ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂧𑂱𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
  • ಮಿತ್ರ (Kannada script)
  • មិត្រ (Khmer script)
  • ມິຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
  • മിത്ര (Malayalam script)
  • ᠮᡳᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘦𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
  • ᠮᠢᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧆𑧒𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
  • ମିତ୍ର (Odia script)
  • ꢪꢶꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆩𑆴𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖦𑖰𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
  • මිත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩴𑩑𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚢𑚮𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
  • மித்ர (Tamil script)
  • మిత్ర (Telugu script)
  • มิตฺร (Thai script)
  • མི་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒧𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨢𑨁𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /⁠miθra⁠/).

Pronunciation

Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n

  1. a friend, companion, associate
  2. the sun

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative मित्रः
mitráḥ		 मित्रौ / मित्रा¹
mitraú / mitrā́¹		 मित्राः / मित्रासः¹
mitrā́ḥ / mitrā́saḥ¹
Vocative मित्र
mítra		 मित्रौ / मित्रा¹
mítrau / mítrā¹		 मित्राः / मित्रासः¹
mítrāḥ / mítrāsaḥ¹
Accusative मित्रम्
mitrám		 मित्रौ / मित्रा¹
mitraú / mitrā́¹		 मित्रान्
mitrā́n
Instrumental मित्रेण
mitréṇa		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹
mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative मित्राय
mitrā́ya		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative मित्रात्
mitrā́t		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive मित्रस्य
mitrásya		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्राणाम्
mitrā́ṇām
Locative मित्रे
mitré		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्रेषु
mitréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative मित्रम्
mitrám		 मित्रे
mitré		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Vocative मित्र
mítra		 मित्रे
mítre		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mítrāṇi / mítrā¹
Accusative मित्रम्
mitrám		 मित्रे
mitré		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Instrumental मित्रेण
mitréṇa		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹
mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative मित्राय
mitrā́ya		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative मित्रात्
mitrā́t		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive मित्रस्य
mitrásya		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्राणाम्
mitrā́ṇām
Locative मित्रे
mitré		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्रेषु
mitréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Proper noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n

  1. Mitra, one of the twelve Adityas
  2. name of a मरुत् (marut)
  3. name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men
  4. name of the third मुहूर्त (muhūrta)
  5. (in the dual) = मित्रवरुण (mitrávaruṇa)

Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, n

  1. friendship
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.3:
      की॒दृङ्ङिन्द्र॑: सरमे॒ का दृ॑शी॒का यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रः परा॒कात्।
      आ च॒ गच्छा॑न्मि॒त्रम्एना दधा॒माथा॒ गवां॒ गोप॑तिर्नो भवाति॥
      kīdṛ́ṅṅíndra: sarame kā́ dṛśīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraḥ parākā́t.
      ā́ ca gácchānmitráménā́ dádhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatirno bhavāti.
      What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?
      Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.
  2. a friend, companion
  3. (with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
  4. an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
  5. a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
  6. (at the end of a compound) resembling, like
  7. name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
  8. a particular mode of fighting

Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative मित्रम्
mitrám		 मित्रे
mitré		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Vocative मित्र
mítra		 मित्रे
mítre		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mítrāṇi / mítrā¹
Accusative मित्रम्
mitrám		 मित्रे
mitré		 मित्राणि / मित्रा¹
mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Instrumental मित्रेण
mitréṇa		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹
mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative मित्राय
mitrā́ya		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative मित्रात्
mitrā́t		 मित्राभ्याम्
mitrā́bhyām		 मित्रेभ्यः
mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive मित्रस्य
mitrásya		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्राणाम्
mitrā́ṇām
Locative मित्रे
mitré		 मित्रयोः
mitráyoḥ		 मित्रेषु
mitréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants
Terms inherited from मित्र (mitra)
  • Dardic:
    • Kashmiri: mạthᵃr
      Devanagari script: मऺथर
      Arabic script: مٔتھر
  • Pali: mitta
  • Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)
    • Central:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā
          • Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता
          • Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا
    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Kumaoni: मीत (mīt)
        • Nepali: मित (mit)
    • Southern:
    • Western:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Punjabi: mitt
          Gurmukhi script: ਮਿੱਤ
          Shahmukhi script: مِتّ
        • Sindhi: miṭru
          Arabic script: مِٹرُ
          Devanagari script: मिट्रु
          • Kachchi: મિત્તર (mittar)
  • → Old Javanese: mitra
Terms derived from मित्र (mitra)
  • Dardic:
    • Kashmiri: میترین (mētrēn)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: mītī, mītan
        • Hindi: मीती, मीतन
        • Urdu: مِیتتِی, مِیتَن
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: মিতিনি (mitini)
      • Bengali: মিতিন (mitin)
      • Odia: ମିଟଣି (miṭôṇi)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Nepali: मित्यानि (mityāni)
Terms borrowed from मित्र (mitra)

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “मित्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 816/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 354-355
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mitra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 582
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