بحر
Arabic
Etymology 1
From Proto-West Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر (b-ḥ-r).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baħr/
Audio (file)
Noun
بَحْر • (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحُر (ʔabḥur))
Declension
Declension of noun بَحْر (baḥr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَحْر baḥr |
الْبَحْر al-baḥr |
بَحْر baḥr |
Nominative | بَحْرٌ baḥrun |
الْبَحْرُ al-baḥru |
بَحْرُ baḥru |
Accusative | بَحْرًا baḥran |
الْبَحْرَ al-baḥra |
بَحْرَ baḥra |
Genitive | بَحْرٍ baḥrin |
الْبَحْرِ al-baḥri |
بَحْرِ baḥri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بَحْرَيْن baḥrayn |
الْبَحْرَيْن al-baḥrayn |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Nominative | بَحْرَانِ baḥrāni |
الْبَحْرَانِ al-baḥrāni |
بَحْرَا baḥrā |
Accusative | بَحْرَيْنِ baḥrayni |
الْبَحْرَيْنِ al-baḥrayni |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Genitive | بَحْرَيْنِ baḥrayni |
الْبَحْرَيْنِ al-baḥrayni |
بَحْرَيْ baḥray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بِحَار; بُحُور; أَبْحُر biḥār; buḥūr; ʔabḥur |
الْبِحَار; الْبُحُور; الْأَبْحُر al-biḥār; al-buḥūr; al-ʔabḥur |
بِحَار; بُحُور; أَبْحُر biḥār; buḥūr; ʔabḥur |
Nominative | بِحَارٌ; بُحُورٌ; أَبْحُرٌ biḥārun; buḥūrun; ʔabḥurun |
الْبِحَارُ; الْبُحُورُ; الْأَبْحُرُ al-biḥāru; al-buḥūru; al-ʔabḥuru |
بِحَارُ; بُحُورُ; أَبْحُرُ biḥāru; buḥūru; ʔabḥuru |
Accusative | بِحَارًا; بُحُورًا; أَبْحُرًا biḥāran; buḥūran; ʔabḥuran |
الْبِحَارَ; الْبُحُورَ; الْأَبْحُرَ al-biḥāra; al-buḥūra; al-ʔabḥura |
بِحَارَ; بُحُورَ; أَبْحُرَ biḥāra; buḥūra; ʔabḥura |
Genitive | بِحَارٍ; بُحُورٍ; أَبْحُرٍ biḥārin; buḥūrin; ʔabḥurin |
الْبِحَارِ; الْبُحُورِ; الْأَبْحُرِ al-biḥāri; al-buḥūri; al-ʔabḥuri |
بِحَارِ; بُحُورِ; أَبْحُرِ biḥāri; buḥūri; ʔabḥuri |
Derived terms
- أمير البحر
- مِنَ النَّهْرِ إلَى الْبَحْرِ (mina n-nahri ʔilā l-baḥri)
Descendants
Descendants
- Gulf Arabic: بَحَر (bəḥər)
- Maltese: baħar
- Moroccan Arabic: بحر (bḥar)
- → Azerbaijani: bəhr
- → Bengali: বহর (bohor)
- → Lishana Deni: בחר (baḥḥaṛ)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بحر (baḥr)
- Turkish: bahir
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਬਹਿਰ (bahir)
- Shahmukhi script: بہر (bhr)
- → Swahili: bahari
- → Malagasy: bahary
- → Uzbek: bahr
- → Zaghawa: bahar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baħ.ħa.ra/
Conjugation
Conjugation of
بَحَّرَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tabḥīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُبَحِّر mubaḥḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُبَحَّر mubaḥḥar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥḥartu |
baḥḥarta |
baḥḥara |
بَحَّرْتُمَا baḥḥartumā |
baḥḥarā |
baḥḥarnā |
baḥḥartum |
baḥḥarū | |||
f | baḥḥarti |
baḥḥarat |
بَحَّرَتَا baḥḥaratā |
baḥḥartunna |
baḥḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥiru |
yubaḥḥiru |
تُبَحِّرَانِ tubaḥḥirāni |
يُبَحِّرَانِ yubaḥḥirāni |
nubaḥḥiru |
tubaḥḥirūna |
yubaḥḥirūna | |||
f | tubaḥḥirīna |
tubaḥḥiru |
تُبَحِّرَانِ tubaḥḥirāni |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥira |
yubaḥḥira |
تُبَحِّرَا tubaḥḥirā |
يُبَحِّرَا yubaḥḥirā |
nubaḥḥira |
tubaḥḥirū |
yubaḥḥirū | |||
f | tubaḥḥirī |
tubaḥḥira |
تُبَحِّرَا tubaḥḥirā |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥir |
yubaḥḥir |
تُبَحِّرَا tubaḥḥirā |
يُبَحِّرَا yubaḥḥirā |
nubaḥḥir |
tubaḥḥirū |
yubaḥḥirū | |||
f | tubaḥḥirī |
tubaḥḥir |
تُبَحِّرَا tubaḥḥirā |
tubaḥḥirna |
yubaḥḥirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | baḥḥir |
baḥḥirā |
baḥḥirū |
||||||||
f | baḥḥirī |
baḥḥirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | buḥḥira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yubaḥḥar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.ħi.ra/
Conjugation
Conjugation of
بَحِرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun بَحَر)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
baḥar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
بَاحِر bāḥir | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥirtu |
baḥirta |
baḥira |
بَحِرْتُمَا baḥirtumā |
baḥirā |
baḥirnā |
baḥirtum |
baḥirū | |||
f | baḥirti |
baḥirat |
بَحِرَتَا baḥiratā |
baḥirtunna |
baḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabḥaru |
tabḥaru |
yabḥaru |
تَبْحَرَانِ tabḥarāni |
يَبْحَرَانِ yabḥarāni |
nabḥaru |
tabḥarūna |
yabḥarūna | |||
f | tabḥarīna |
tabḥaru |
تَبْحَرَانِ tabḥarāni |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabḥara |
tabḥara |
yabḥara |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
يَبْحَرَا yabḥarā |
nabḥara |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥara |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabḥar |
tabḥar |
yabḥar |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
يَبْحَرَا yabḥarā |
nabḥar |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥar |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibḥar |
اِبْحَرَا ibḥarā |
ibḥarū |
||||||||
f | ibḥarī |
ibḥarna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.ħa.ra/
Verb
بَحَرَ • (baḥara) I, non-past يَبْحَرُ (yabḥaru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
بَحَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun بَحْر)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
baḥr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
بَاحِر bāḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَبْحُور mabḥūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baḥartu |
baḥarta |
baḥara |
بَحَرْتُمَا baḥartumā |
baḥarā |
baḥarnā |
baḥartum |
baḥarū | |||
f | baḥarti |
baḥarat |
بَحَرَتَا baḥaratā |
baḥartunna |
baḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabḥaru |
tabḥaru |
yabḥaru |
تَبْحَرَانِ tabḥarāni |
يَبْحَرَانِ yabḥarāni |
nabḥaru |
tabḥarūna |
yabḥarūna | |||
f | tabḥarīna |
tabḥaru |
تَبْحَرَانِ tabḥarāni |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabḥara |
tabḥara |
yabḥara |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
يَبْحَرَا yabḥarā |
nabḥara |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥara |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabḥar |
tabḥar |
yabḥar |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
يَبْحَرَا yabḥarā |
nabḥar |
tabḥarū |
yabḥarū | |||
f | tabḥarī |
tabḥar |
تَبْحَرَا tabḥarā |
tabḥarna |
yabḥarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibḥar |
اِبْحَرَا ibḥarā |
ibḥarū |
||||||||
f | ibḥarī |
ibḥarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | buḥirtu |
buḥirta |
buḥira |
بُحِرْتُمَا buḥirtumā |
buḥirā |
buḥirnā |
buḥirtum |
buḥirū | |||
f | buḥirti |
buḥirat |
بُحِرَتَا buḥiratā |
buḥirtunna |
buḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubḥaru |
tubḥaru |
yubḥaru |
تُبْحَرَانِ tubḥarāni |
يُبْحَرَانِ yubḥarāni |
nubḥaru |
tubḥarūna |
yubḥarūna | |||
f | tubḥarīna |
tubḥaru |
تُبْحَرَانِ tubḥarāni |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubḥara |
tubḥara |
yubḥara |
تُبْحَرَا tubḥarā |
يُبْحَرَا yubḥarā |
nubḥara |
tubḥarū |
yubḥarū | |||
f | tubḥarī |
tubḥara |
تُبْحَرَا tubḥarā |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubḥar |
tubḥar |
yubḥar |
تُبْحَرَا tubḥarā |
يُبْحَرَا yubḥarā |
nubḥar |
tubḥarū |
yubḥarū | |||
f | tubḥarī |
tubḥar |
تُبْحَرَا tubḥarā |
tubḥarna |
yubḥarna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.ħar/
Declension
Declension of noun بَحَر (baḥar)
References
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “بحر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 87–88
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بحر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 88–89
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “بحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 156–157
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بحر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 66–67
Gulf Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bəħər/
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baħar/
Ottoman Turkish
Derived terms
- بحر سیاه (Bahr-i Siyah, “Black Sea”)
Descendants
- Turkish: bahir
References
- Redhouse, J. W. (1884) “sea”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 667
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bahɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [bäɦɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [bäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [bäɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæɦɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäɦɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bahr |
Dari reading? | bahr |
Iranian reading? | bahr |
Tajik reading? | bahr |
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ب ح ر |
2 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.ħar/, [ˈbɑ.ħɑrˤ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Derived terms
- البحر الميت (il-baḥr il-mayyet, “Dead Sea”)
- البحر الأحمر (il-baḥr il-ʔaḥmar, “Red Sea”)
- البحر الأبيض المتوسط (il-baḥr il-ʔabyaḍ il-mutawasseṭ, “Mediterranean Sea”)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian بحر (bahr), from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /bəɦɾ/
Noun
بَحْر • (bahr) m (formal plural بحار, Hindi spelling बहर)
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